East End Legal
East End Legal
  • About
  • Practice Areas ▾
    • Family Law
    •   › Parenting Orders
    •   › Property Settlement
    •   › Intervention Orders
    • Civil Litigation
    • Criminal Law
    • Fractional In-house Counsel
      Commercial Law
  • About the Firm
  • Blog
  • Forms & Links
  • Testimonials
  • Book a Consultation
  • About
  • Practice Areas
  • — Commercial Law
  • — Family Law
  •    › Parenting Orders
  •    › Property Settlement
  •    › Intervention Orders
  • — Criminal Law
  • About the Firm
  • Blog
  • Forms & Links
  • Testimonials
  • Book a Consultation

Barristers & Solicitors

Resolving Conflict,
Delivering
Results.

East End Legal provides experienced strategic advice, combined with tailored legal solutions to individuals and businesses across South Australia.

We believe that sound legal advice, strategy and action, must be measured against determinative outcomes. When progressing legal action to conclusion for our clients, we remain steadfast in, Resolving Conflict, Delivering Results.

Book a Free Consultation Our Practice Areas
East End Legal principal solicitor, Adelaide CBD

Personal & committed

East End Legal

Family Law

Civil Litigation

Criminal Law

Fractional In-house Counsel
Commercial Law

Adelaide Supreme Court,East End Legal Client consultation handshake

Who We Are

A Legal Practice Built on Trust & Results

Located in the heart of Adelaide's East End, our firm provides bespoke legal advice and representation tailored to each client's needs. We're a team of experienced solicitors committed to understanding your situation and delivering real results.

We work with families, individuals, small businesses, and large commercial clients, bringing the same level of attention and care to every matter, regardless of scale.

  • Plain-English advice, we explain every step clearly, without unnecessary jargon
  • Fixed fees and fee estimates upfront so you always know where you stand
  • Senior solicitor involvement on every file, not just junior staff
  • Responsive communication, we return calls and emails the same business day
  • Conveniently located in the East End with parking and public transport access
South Australian courtroom
Resolving Conflict, Delivering Results.

What We Do

Our Practice Areas

East End Legal offers experienced legal advice across the areas that matter most to South Australian residents and businesses. Whatever your legal challenge, we bring the same commitment, understanding what matters most to you, and fighting for it.

Family Law

Few times in life are harder than when a relationship breaks down. We guide families through separation, divorce, property settlements and parenting arrangements with a caring approach, clear strategy, and steadfast advocacy.

Civil Litigation

When disputes cannot be resolved by negotiation, you need experienced litigators in your corner. We represent clients across all South Australian courts and tribunals in contract disputes, debt recovery, injunctions, and general civil matters.

Criminal Law

A criminal conviction can have a devastating impact on your relationships, career, and future. From bail applications and plea negotiations to full trial representation, we protect your rights at every stage of the process.

Fractional In-house Counsel
Commercial Law

In a complex and competitive world, every successful business needs lawyers with experience and commercial acumen. We advise South Australian businesses on contracts, acquisitions, commercial disputes and litigation, delivering practical, outcomes-focused results.

How It Works

What to Expect When You Engage Us

Free Initial Consultation

Tell us about your matter in a no-obligation 30-minute consultation, in person, by phone, or via video call. We'll give you an honest first assessment at no charge.

Clear Cost Agreement

Before any work begins, we'll provide you with a written cost estimate or fixed-fee quote. You'll know exactly what you're paying before we proceed.

Active Representation

Your solicitor manages your matter from start to finish, keeping you informed at every milestone. You'll always have a direct line to the solicitor handling your file.

Outcome & Resolution

We work towards the best achievable outcome and brief you fully when your matter concludes, including any next steps you should be aware of.

Adelaide Supreme Court

Client Testimonials

What Our Clients Say

Loading reviews...

Happy with our service? We'd love to hear from you.

Leave us a Google Review

Ready to speak with a
South Australian solicitor?

Your first consultation is free. No obligation, no jargon, just honest advice.

Book a Free Consultation

Watch on YouTube

Family Law Tips for South Australians

Short, plain-English videos on separation, property and parenting. General information only – not legal advice.

Subscribe on YouTube See all videos →

Get in Touch

Contact East End Legal

Come and See Us

📍
Address 38 Tucker Street
Adelaide SA 5000
📞
Phone +61 417 897 472 (Mobile)
(08) 7083 5858 (Office)
✉️
Email faros@eastendlegal.com.au
🕐
Office Hours Mon – Fri: 9:00am – 5:00pm
After-hours by appointment
East End Legal conference and meeting room

Send Us an Enquiry

Open in Google Maps ↗

Memberships & Accreditations

PEXA Certified Member
Law Society of South Australia – Gold Alliance Firm
Family Law Section, Law Council of Australia
East End Legal
East End Legal
Resolving Conflict, Delivering Results.

Experienced, personalised legal services in the heart of Adelaide's East End. We believe good law starts with listening.

Members of the Law Society of South Australia - Gold Alliance Firm

Practice Areas

  • Family Law
  •   › Parenting Orders
  •   › Property Settlement
  •   › Intervention Orders
  • Civil Litigation
  • Criminal Law
  • Fractional In-house Counsel
    Commercial Law

The Firm

  • About Us
  • How It Works
  • Testimonials
  • Contact

Contact

  • Mobile: 0417 897 472
  • Office: (08) 7083 5858
  • Email: faros@eastendlegal.com.au
  • Address: 38 Tucker St ADELAIDE, SA, 5000

Mon – Fri: 9:00am – 5:00pm
After-hours appointments available

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Privacy Policy Terms of Engagement Disclaimer
| Privacy Policy

Privacy Policy

Last updated: June 2026

1. Our Commitment to Privacy

East End Legal Pty Ltd (ACN 681 304 209) ("East End Legal", "we", "us") is committed to protecting your personal information. This Privacy Policy explains how we collect, use, disclose and store your personal information in accordance with the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) and the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs).

By engaging our services or providing us with your personal information, you consent to the collection, use and disclosure of that information in the manner described in this policy.

2. Information We Collect

We collect personal information that is reasonably necessary for the provision of legal services. This may include:

  • Your name, date of birth, contact details and address
  • Identification documents (as required by anti-money laundering legislation)
  • Financial information relevant to your matter
  • Information about your legal matter, including sensitive information where relevant
  • Details of third parties involved in your matter
  • Communications between you and East End Legal

We collect personal information directly from you where possible. In some circumstances, we may collect information from third parties (such as opposing parties, courts, registries or other law firms) as part of conducting your matter.

3. How We Use Your Information

We use your personal information to:

  • Provide legal services and advice to you
  • Communicate with you about your matter and our services
  • Comply with our legal and professional obligations, including under the Legal Practitioners Act 1981 (SA) and anti-money laundering legislation
  • Maintain our business records and accounts
  • Improve our services
  • Send you legal updates or information (which you may opt out of at any time)

4. Disclosure of Your Information

We may disclose your personal information to third parties where this is necessary or authorised in connection with your matter, including:

  • Courts, tribunals and regulatory bodies
  • Barristers, mediators and other legal professionals engaged on your behalf
  • Government agencies and registries (e.g. Land Services SA, ASIC, ATO)
  • Opposing parties or their legal representatives, as required by court rules or law
  • Our professional indemnity insurer
  • IT service providers and cloud storage providers (subject to confidentiality obligations)

We do not sell, rent or trade your personal information to third parties for marketing purposes.

5. Storage and Security

Your personal information is stored securely in electronic and/or physical form. We take reasonable steps to protect your personal information from misuse, interference, loss, and unauthorised access, modification or disclosure.

We retain personal information for the period required by law and our professional obligations, or as otherwise necessary for legitimate business purposes. When information is no longer required, we take reasonable steps to destroy or de-identify it.

6. Access and Correction

You have the right to request access to personal information we hold about you, and to request correction of any inaccuracies. To make a request, please contact us using the details below. We will respond within a reasonable time and may require you to verify your identity.

In some circumstances, we may be unable to provide access (for example, where doing so would reveal information about another person, or where we are required by law to retain the information).

7. Complaints

If you have a concern about how we have handled your personal information, please contact us in the first instance. If you are not satisfied with our response, you may lodge a complaint with the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) at www.oaic.gov.au.

8. Contact Us

For privacy-related enquiries, please contact:

  • East End Legal Pty Ltd
  • 38 Tucker Street, Adelaide SA 5000
  • Mobile: 0417 897 472
  • Email: faros@eastendlegal.com.au
| Terms of Engagement

Terms of Engagement

East End Legal Pty Ltd (ACN 681 304 209) · ABN 21 681 304 209

1. Application

These Terms of Engagement ("Terms") apply to all legal services provided by East End Legal Pty Ltd ("East End Legal", "we", "us") to you as our client. By instructing us to act on your behalf, you agree to be bound by these Terms. We will also provide you with a client care letter setting out the specific terms applicable to your matter.

2. Our Obligations to You

East End Legal will:

  • Act in your best interests at all times, consistent with our obligations to the court and under the Legal Practitioners Act 1981 (SA)
  • Provide frank and honest advice, even if that advice is not what you want to hear
  • Keep you informed of progress on your matter and respond to your communications within a reasonable time
  • Maintain the confidentiality of your instructions and matter, subject to our legal obligations
  • Provide an estimate of costs and update that estimate if circumstances change materially
  • Advise you of any conflict of interest that may arise

3. Your Obligations

You agree to:

  • Provide us with full, accurate and timely instructions and information relevant to your matter
  • Notify us promptly of any change in your circumstances that may affect your matter or our instructions
  • Pay our fees and disbursements in accordance with these Terms and any costs agreement
  • Cooperate with us and with any other parties as required by law or court order

4. Fees and Costs

Our fees are charged on a time-spent basis unless we agree otherwise in writing. Our hourly rates are set out in your client care letter. Time is recorded in six-minute units.

In addition to our professional fees, you are responsible for disbursements incurred on your behalf, including court filing fees, search fees, process server fees, barrister fees, expert fees and any other third-party costs.

We will provide you with a written costs estimate at the outset of your matter. If our estimate is likely to be exceeded, we will advise you as soon as practicable and seek your instructions to continue.

We may require a retainer (advance payment) before commencing or continuing work on your matter.

5. Invoicing and Payment

Invoices are issued monthly and upon completion of your matter, or at such other intervals as agreed. Payment is due within 14 days of the date of invoice unless otherwise agreed.

If an invoice remains unpaid after the due date, we reserve the right to:

  • Charge interest at the rate of 10% per annum on overdue amounts
  • Suspend work on your matter until payment is received
  • Cease acting for you, subject to our professional obligations
  • Retain your file and any property held on your behalf (subject to a solicitor's lien) until all amounts are paid

6. Confidentiality

We will keep your instructions and the information you provide to us strictly confidential, except where:

  • You authorise us to disclose information
  • Disclosure is required or authorised by law
  • Disclosure is necessary to provide our services (for example, briefing a barrister or engaging an expert)
  • We are required to report under anti-money laundering legislation

Our duty of confidentiality survives the conclusion of your matter and the termination of our engagement.

7. Conflicts of Interest

We conduct conflict checks before accepting a new matter. If a conflict of interest arises during the course of your matter, we will advise you promptly and take appropriate steps in accordance with our professional obligations, which may include ceasing to act for one or more parties.

8. Termination

You may terminate our engagement at any time by notifying us in writing. You will remain liable for all fees and disbursements incurred up to the date of termination.

We may cease to act for you in circumstances including non-payment of fees, loss of trust and confidence, a conflict of interest, or if you require us to act in a way that would breach our professional obligations. We will provide reasonable notice and take steps to minimise prejudice to your interests.

9. File Retention and Return

At the conclusion of your matter, original documents you provided to us will be returned to you upon request. We retain copies of documents and file records for a minimum of seven years in accordance with our professional obligations, after which files may be destroyed.

We may exercise a solicitor's lien over your file and documents if outstanding fees remain unpaid.

10. Complaints

If you have a concern about our services or fees, please contact us directly so we can address the matter promptly. If you remain dissatisfied, you may contact the Legal Services Commission of South Australia:

  • Phone: (08) 8111 5555
  • Website: www.lsc.sa.gov.au

11. Governing Law

These Terms are governed by the laws of South Australia. Any dispute arising in connection with these Terms or our engagement will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of South Australia.

| Disclaimer

Disclaimer

Last updated: June 2026

1. General Information Only

The information contained on this website is provided by East End Legal Pty Ltd (ACN 681 304 209) ("East End Legal") for general informational purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice and must not be relied upon as such.

Every legal matter is unique and depends on the specific facts and circumstances of the individual concerned. The information on this website may not apply to your situation and should not be acted upon without first obtaining specific legal advice from a qualified legal practitioner.

2. No Solicitor-Client Relationship

Accessing or using this website does not create a solicitor-client relationship between you and East End Legal. A solicitor-client relationship arises only upon formal engagement, confirmed in writing by way of a client care letter and costs agreement.

Communicating with us through this website, including submitting enquiries through our contact form or sending emails to addresses listed on this site, does not by itself establish a solicitor-client relationship or impose any obligation on East End Legal to act for you.

3. Currency of Information

The law changes frequently. While we endeavour to keep the information on this website current and accurate, East End Legal does not warrant that the information is up to date, complete or accurate at the time you access it. You should always verify the currency of any legal information with a qualified practitioner before relying on it.

4. Limitation of Liability

To the maximum extent permitted by law, East End Legal and its principal exclude all liability for any loss or damage arising from or in connection with:

  • Reliance on any information contained on this website
  • Any error, omission or inaccuracy in the information on this website
  • Unavailability or interruption to this website
  • Any virus or other malicious code transmitted through this website
  • Unauthorised access to or alteration of your transmissions or data

Nothing in this disclaimer excludes, restricts or modifies any right or remedy, or any guarantee, warranty or other term or condition, implied or imposed by any legislation that cannot lawfully be excluded or limited, including under the Australian Consumer Law.

5. External Links

This website may contain links to external websites for your convenience. East End Legal does not endorse, control or take responsibility for the content of any linked website. Accessing external links is at your own risk.

6. Intellectual Property

All content on this website, including text, graphics, logos and images, is the property of East End Legal Pty Ltd or its content suppliers and is protected by Australian copyright laws. You may not reproduce, distribute or otherwise use any content from this website without our prior written consent, except for personal, non-commercial use.

7. Contact Us

If you have a legal matter requiring advice, please contact us directly rather than relying on information from this website:

  • East End Legal Pty Ltd · 38 Tucker Street, Adelaide SA 5000
  • Mobile: 0417 897 472
  • Email: faros@eastendlegal.com.au
Commercial Law,East End Legal

East End Legal · Adelaide SA

Fractional in-house counsel
& Commercial Law

| Practice Areas / Commercial Law

Our Commercial Law Practice

East End Legal advises Australian and International businesses, from sole traders and startups to established companies, on the full spectrum of commercial and business law.

The Principal Faros Omidvour brings strategic guidance as a Barrister & Solicitor with unique industry knowledge, meaning clients receive strategic legal advice alongside experienced advocacy if disputes escalate to litigation.

He has worked with a wide range of businesses including the largest commercial joint venture between Pelligra and the Antient Free & Accepted Masons of South Australia & Northern Territory in the state of South Australia with the progression of 'Keystone Tower'.

Keystone Tower,Adelaide CBD commercial development

Fractional In-house Counsel

Many businesses and organisations need steady, commercially minded legal input, but not a full-time salaried lawyer. Fractional in-house counsel places a senior lawyer inside your organisation on an agreed, flexible basis: someone who knows your business, takes part in your decision-making, and is available when it matters. East End Legal’s Principal, Faros Omidvour, currently provides this service to three organisations.

Freemasons, South Australia and the Northern Territory
Faros works directly with a number of Freemason executive boards across South Australia and the Northern Territory. He advises their governing bodies on the legal side of running large, member-based organisations, including governance, contracts and commercial transactions, so that boards can make decisions with legal advice already in the room.

Administration Autopilot
Faros works directly with Boyd Sparrow, Chief Executive Officer of Administration Autopilot, an Australian managed services firm that runs back-office, corporate and technology functions for clients in regulated sectors. In this role he provides responsive legal support that keeps pace with a fast-moving, technology-led business.

Clime
Faros works directly with Michael Baragwanath, Managing Director, and Henry Lloyd-Davis, Director, at Clime, an ASX-listed investment management group. Here he gives commercial legal counsel to the people running a regulated, listed business.

Cost-effective legal support
Fractional in-house counsel gives you a trusted lawyer without a full-time salary, superannuation, leave entitlements and overheads. It is also usually more economical than the hourly-billing cycle of a conventional law firm, because Faros already knows your business, people and documents, so you are not paying for a new lawyer to get up to speed on every matter. The arrangement is flexible and scaled to what you actually need: for an executive board or a growing company, for ongoing advice or a particular project. Matters that need more can move to East End Legal’s wider commercial practice, including dispute resolution and Supreme Court litigation, without changing lawyer.

To discuss whether fractional in-house counsel suits your organisation, contact East End Legal.

Corporate Legal Services

  • Service Agreements
  • Sale Agreements
  • Dispute resolution
  • Corporate registrations
  • Non-Bank finance negotiation
  • Caveat registration and discharge
  • Deeds of undertaking
  • Deeds of forbearance
  • Mortgage register and discharge
  • Supreme Court litigation

Commercial legal matters affect cash flow, relationships, and business continuity. Our approach is practical and cost benefit analysis focused: we identify the fastest and most cost-effective path to resolution and protect your commercial interests at every stage, ensuring we contemporaneously deliver legal cost savings & results.

Speak with Faros

Book a free 30-minute consultation. We provide a frank assessment and written fee estimate before any work begins.

Email Faros Directly
0417 897 472
Also in this area
  • Corporate governance advice
  • Company incorporations & restructures
  • ASIC compliance matters
  • Terms & conditions drafting
  • IP licensing and assignments
  • Loan and security agreements
  • AML/CTF - KYC Compliance with AUSTRAC
  • Consumer and Business Services Dealings
  • Land Services Dealings

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Family Law,East End Legal

East End Legal · Adelaide SA

Family Law

Sensitive, strategic advice for individuals navigating separation, property settlements, and parenting arrangements across South Australia.

| Practice Areas / Family Law

When your family situation is complex, contested, or has broken down completely, you need more than general legal advice. You need a lawyer who understands the stakes and knows how to fight for the outcome you need.

East End Legal represents individuals across South Australia in some of the most difficult and high-stakes family law matters, including contested parenting disputes, urgent intervention, and complex property settlements. We pursue cases involving family violence, hidden assets, or uncooperative former partners attempting to subvert equitable resolution by means of noncompliance with disclosure and hidden business assets.

Principal solicitor Faros Omidvour, a member of the Family Law Section of the Law Council of Australia, combines sharp legal strategy with high conflict experience, appearing in the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia with the right team when your matter demands it.

We understand that not every family dispute can be resolved around a mediation table. Where negotiation and mediation are viable, we will pursue a commercial advantage for you, protecting your time, your finances, and your family's wellbeing.

But where the other side won't negotiate in genuine good faith, where children are at risk, or where your financial future is on the line, we act confidently and with the right strategy for you, litigating decisively until conclusion.

Family law, protecting what matters most

Our family law services

  • Parenting orders & children's matters
  • Property settlement
  • Domestic violence & intervention orders

East End Legal works with clients facing:

  • Family and domestic violence matters.
  • Contested parenting arrangements and relocation disputes.
  • Urgent recovery orders and parenting injunctions under the Hague Convention.
  • Private Intervention Order Applications.
  • Complex or high-value property settlements.
  • De facto relationships.
  • Non-disclosure of assets by a former partner.
  • Child Support adjusted income assessment under section 8A.
  • Consent orders.
  • Enforcement of existing court orders.
Family law support

The High Stakes of Family Law: Why Technical Mastery Matters

By Faros Omidvour, Principal Solicitor, East End Legal

Family law in Australia is not for the faint-hearted. When a relationship breaks down, the emotional toll is immense, but the legal framework that governs the outcome is unforgivingly technical. The Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) is a complex legislative instrument, and the difference between a favourable outcome and a catastrophic one often turns on the most granular of legal details. This is not an area for generalists. It calls for practitioners who work with the Act, the rules and the authorities that shape its application every day.

The Parenting Paradigm: Section 60CC and the Primacy of Protection

In parenting matters, the Court's guiding star is the best interests of the child, enshrined as the paramount consideration in section 60CA of the Act. But what does "best interests" actually mean? Since the Family Law Amendment Act 2023 (Cth) commenced on 6 May 2024, section 60CC sets out a single, streamlined list of considerations, led by the safety of the child and of each person who cares for the child, followed by the child's views, the child's developmental, psychological, emotional and cultural needs, each carer's capacity to meet those needs, the benefit of the child's relationships with each parent and other significant people where it is safe, and anything else relevant to the child. This is not merely legislative window-dressing, it is a fundamental shift that demands a sophisticated understanding of how to frame evidence, adduce expert testimony, and construct a narrative that aligns with the statutory architecture. At East End Legal, we do not simply recite the factors; we deploy them strategically.

The Objects of Part VII: Section 60B as a Strategic Lens

The objects of Part VII, set out in section 60B, provide the philosophical bedrock upon which all parenting decisions rest. The Act seeks to ensure that children have the benefit of both parents having meaningful involvement in their lives, to the maximum extent consistent with the child's best interests, while simultaneously protecting children from harm. These dual objectives create inherent tension, and navigating that tension requires more than a superficial reading of the statute. It requires an advocate who understands how the Full Court has interpreted these objects in the context of relocation disputes, allegations of family violence, and cases involving parental alienation. The objects are not merely aspirational, they are the lens through which every parenting decision must be viewed.

Property Settlements: The Stanford Threshold and the Four-Step Framework

Property settlements under section 79 (for married couples) and section 90SM (for de facto relationships) are governed by a rigorous framework that begins with a threshold question: is it just and equitable to make an order at all? This threshold, established by the High Court in Stanford v Stanford [2012] HCA 52, fundamentally altered the landscape of property proceedings. The Court does not simply divide assets because a relationship has ended, it must first be satisfied that it is just and equitable to interfere with the existing legal and equitable interests of the parties. Only then does the Court proceed to the familiar four-step process: identifying the asset pool, assessing contributions (both financial and non-financial, under section 79(4)(a)-(c)), evaluating future needs under section 75(2) factors, and finally determining whether the proposed order is just and equitable. This is not a mathematical exercise, it is a discretionary balancing act that demands an intimate knowledge of the case law, including recent developments like Shinohara & Shinohara [2025] FedCFamC1A 126, which has reshaped the approach to "add-backs".

The Calderbank Weapon: Costs as a Strategic Lever

One of the most potent tools in the family law practitioner's arsenal is the Calderbank offer. Named after the English Court of Appeal decision in Calderbank v Calderbank [1976] Fam 93, this "without prejudice save as to costs" offer can dramatically alter the costs landscape of a proceeding. The principle is simple but devastating in its effect: if a party rejects a reasonable offer of settlement and fails to beat that offer at trial, the Court may order that party to pay the offeror's costs from the date the offer was made. Under section 117 of the Act, each party bears their own costs in family law proceedings unless the Court is satisfied that there are circumstances justifying a costs order. A well-crafted Calderbank offer, one that is clear, unambiguous, genuine in its compromise, and articulated with reference to the weaknesses in the offeree's case, can turn the tide of a litigation. At East End Legal, we deploy Calderbank offers not as an afterthought, but as an integral part of our litigation strategy from day one.

Practice Directions: The Procedural Minefield

The Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia operates under a comprehensive suite of Practice Directions that govern everything from parenting proceedings to divorce applications. These directions are not optional guidelines, they are binding procedural requirements, and failure to comply can result in adverse costs orders, dismissal of applications, or the exclusion of evidence. The Court's Central Practice Direction imposes strict timelines and case management protocols designed to ensure that over 90% of matters are finalised within 12 months of filing. Navigating this procedural labyrinth requires a practitioner who not only knows the law but knows the Court's expectations, its registrars, and its particular quirks. We do.

Parental Responsibility After the 2024 Reforms

The former presumption of equal shared parental responsibility in section 61DA, and the linked obligation to consider equal time or substantial and significant time under section 65DAA, were repealed with effect from 6 May 2024. The Court now decides how parental responsibility for major long-term issues should be allocated, jointly or to one parent, by reference to the child's best interests alone. Parenting arrangements still have to be workable in practice, and the High Court's emphasis in MRR v GR (2010) 240 CLR 461 on what is realistically achievable remains instructive. At East End Legal, we build parenting cases on the current statutory pathway, not the old one.

Spousal Maintenance: Section 75(2) and the Duty of Support

Spousal maintenance under section 74 of the Act is governed by the broad list of factors in section 75(2). These factors include the age and health of each party, their income and financial resources, their capacity for gainful employment, the care of children, and any relevant fact or circumstance that the justice of the case requires. The Court also considers the effect of any family violence to which a party has subjected the other. Applications must be brought within strict time limits, generally within 12 months after a divorce order takes effect under section 44(3), making early advice and prompt action essential.

The Cost of Getting It Wrong

Family law is not a practice area where "good enough" suffices. The stakes are too high, children's futures, financial security, and the ability to move forward with one's life hang in the balance. A poorly drafted affidavit, a misapplied section of the Act, a failure to comply with a Practice Direction, or an ill-advised rejection of a Calderbank offer can have consequences that reverberate for years. At East End Legal, we bring not only technical mastery of the Family Law Act 1975, the rules, the Practice Directions, and the leading authorities, we bring the judgment that comes from experience in the trenches of high-conflict family law litigation. We know when to negotiate, when to fight, and how to use every tool in the statutory and procedural arsenal to secure the best possible outcome for our clients.

Speak with Faros

Family law matters are time-sensitive. Book a confidential, no-obligation consultation to understand your rights and options.

Email Faros Directly
0417 897 472
We can help with
  • De facto relationship breakdowns
  • Same-sex relationship separations
  • Grandparent contact applications
  • Child support variations
  • Urgent injunctions & freezing orders
  • Mediation & dispute resolution

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Child covering ears while parents argue – parenting orders lawyer Adelaide, East End Legal

East End Legal · Family Law · Adelaide SA

Parenting Orders & Children's Matters

Clear advice on where your children live, the time they spend with each parent, and who makes the major decisions about their lives.

| Practice Areas / Family Law / Parenting Orders

When parents separate, the arrangements for their children can be agreed informally, written into a parenting plan, made into consent orders, or decided by the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia. East End Legal, led by principal Faros Omidvour, advises parents, grandparents and other carers across South Australia at every one of those stages.

What the Court decides: the child's best interests

Under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), the best interests of the child are the paramount consideration when the Court makes a parenting order (section 60CA). Since the Family Law Amendment Act 2023 (Cth) commenced on 6 May 2024, section 60CC sets out the matters the Court considers:

  • The safety of the child, and of each person who has care of the child, including from family violence, abuse and neglect.
  • Any views expressed by the child.
  • The child's developmental, psychological, emotional and cultural needs.
  • The capacity of each person who has or is proposed to have parental responsibility to provide for those needs.
  • The benefit to the child of a relationship with each parent and other people significant to them, where it is safe.
  • Anything else relevant to the particular child.

Additional considerations apply for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, including their right to enjoy their culture.

There is no longer a presumption of equal shared parental responsibility

The 2023 amendments repealed the presumption of equal shared parental responsibility and the linked requirement to consider equal time. The Court now decides whether responsibility for major long-term issues, such as schooling, health, religion and a change of residence that would affect the child's relationship with a parent, should be shared jointly or held by one parent, by reference to the child's best interests alone. Read more about parental responsibility after the reforms.

Before you file: family dispute resolution

In most cases, a certificate from a registered family dispute resolution practitioner is needed before a parenting application can be filed (section 60I). There are exceptions, including where there has been family violence or child abuse, or where the matter is urgent. We can tell you early whether an exception applies to you.

Changing final parenting orders

Final orders are not changed lightly. Before the Court will reconsider them, it must be satisfied that there has been a significant change of circumstances and that reconsidering the orders is in the child's best interests (section 65DAAA). Read about the Rice v Asplund threshold.

Relocation and international abduction

A proposed move interstate or overseas is decided on the same best interests framework, with close attention to whether the child's relationship with the other parent can realistically be maintained. Where a child has been taken overseas or kept overseas without consent, Hague Convention proceedings may apply, and speed matters. Read our Hague Convention guide.

How East End Legal can help

  • Parenting plans and consent orders that work in practice.
  • Negotiation and family dispute resolution.
  • Parenting proceedings in the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia.
  • Urgent applications, including recovery orders and orders to stop a child leaving Australia.
  • Relocation disputes.
  • Matters involving an Independent Children's Lawyer.
  • Contravention and enforcement of existing orders.
  • Applications by grandparents and other significant people.

This page is general information only, current as at October 2026, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your circumstances. Please contact East End Legal for advice about your situation.

Speak with Faros

Parenting disputes move quickly. Book a confidential consultation to understand your options before you sign or file anything.

Email Faros Directly
(08) 7083 5858
Related reading
  • Parental responsibility after the 2024 reforms
  • When an Independent Children's Lawyer is appointed
  • Why arrangements must be realistic
  • How courts decide relocation cases
  • Domestic violence & intervention orders

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Property settlement lawyer Adelaide, East End Legal

East End Legal · Family Law · Adelaide SA

Property Settlement

Dividing property, debts and superannuation after separation, for married and de facto couples across South Australia.

| Practice Areas / Family Law / Property Settlement

A property settlement decides how a separating couple's property, debts, financial resources and superannuation are divided. It applies to married couples and to de facto couples who meet the requirements of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). East End Legal acts in straightforward settlements and in complex, contested matters involving businesses, trusts and hidden assets.

How property is divided

Property orders are made under section 79 for married couples and section 90SM for de facto couples. The Court must first be satisfied that it is just and equitable to make an order at all (Stanford v Stanford [2012] HCA 52). Since the Family Law Amendment Act 2024 (Cth) reforms commenced on 10 June 2025, the steps the Court works through are written into the Act itself:

  • Identify the property, liabilities and financial resources of the parties.
  • Consider each party's contributions: financial, non-financial, and as homemaker and parent.
  • Consider each party's current and future circumstances, such as age, health, earning capacity and the care of children.
  • Decide whether the proposed division is just and equitable.

Read how the 2025 reforms changed property settlements.

Family violence and wastage

The Act now expressly requires the Court to consider the economic effect of family violence on a party, and to consider wastage, where a party has intentionally or recklessly reduced the value of the property pool. Family violence and property · Notional property and wastage.

Full and frank disclosure

Each party must disclose their financial circumstances fully and honestly, and that duty continues for the life of the case. Where a former partner hides assets or refuses to provide documents, the law gives real tools to compel disclosure and to trace where money has gone. Read about disclosure, discovery and subpoenas.

Time limits

Married couples generally must apply within 12 months after a divorce order takes effect. De facto couples generally must apply within two years after the relationship ended. Outside those periods, the Court's permission is needed, and it is not given as a matter of course. Do not wait for the divorce to get advice about property.

Ways to finalise a property settlement

  • Consent orders, filed with the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia once agreement is reached.
  • A binding financial agreement, which must meet strict formal requirements to be enforceable.
  • Court proceedings, where agreement cannot be reached.
  • Superannuation splitting, as part of any of the above.

Protecting assets now

If you are worried that your former partner will sell, transfer or borrow against an asset before settlement, urgent steps such as an injunction or a caveat may be available. Read about injunctions and caveats.

How East End Legal can help

  • Identifying and valuing the asset pool, including businesses and trusts.
  • Negotiating settlement and preparing consent orders.
  • Binding financial agreements, and reviewing existing ones.
  • Contested property proceedings.
  • Non-disclosure, hidden assets and subpoenas.
  • Urgent injunctions and caveats.
  • De facto property claims.
  • Spousal maintenance.

This page is general information only, current as at October 2026, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your circumstances. Please contact East End Legal for advice about your situation.

Speak with Faros

Strict time limits apply to property claims. Book a confidential consultation and get a written fee estimate before any work begins.

Email Faros Directly
(08) 7083 5858
Related reading
  • Property settlements after the 2025 reforms
  • Are you in a de facto relationship?
  • Spousal maintenance
  • Financial agreement formalities
  • Parenting orders

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Domestic violence and intervention order lawyer Adelaide, East End Legal

East End Legal · Family Law · Adelaide SA

Domestic Violence & Intervention Orders

Advice for people who need protection, and for people who have been served with an intervention order.

| Practice Areas / Family Law / Domestic Violence & Intervention Orders

If you are in immediate danger, call Police on 000. For free, confidential support 24 hours a day, call 1800RESPECT on 1800 737 732.

In South Australia, intervention orders are made under the Intervention Orders (Prevention of Abuse) Act 2009 (SA). They are designed to protect people from abuse, which is not limited to physical violence: it includes sexual, emotional, psychological and economic abuse, such as controlling money, isolating a person from family and friends, monitoring them, or harassing them online.

What an intervention order can do

An order can stop a person contacting you, coming near you, your home or your workplace, or damaging your property, and can require them to give up firearms. Police can issue an interim order, and orders can also be made by the Magistrates Court. Breaching an intervention order is a criminal offence.

If you need protection

An application can be made by police or privately to the Magistrates Court. We can help you decide which path suits you, prepare the application and supporting evidence, and appear with you in court. Where children are involved, we also look at how the order sits alongside any parenting arrangements.

If you have been served with an order

Comply with every term of the order, even if you believe it is unfair. A breach is a criminal offence, regardless of the merits of the original application. Get advice before your court date: whether to contest the order, or agree to it, can affect your firearms licence, your employment, and any family law proceedings about your children or property.

How family violence affects family law matters

The Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) defines family violence broadly (section 4AB). In parenting matters, the safety of the child and of each carer is the first matter the Court considers. In property matters, the Court must consider the economic effect of family violence. Family violence can also mean family dispute resolution is not required before filing. Intervention orders and family law orders can interact, so it is important that they are dealt with together. Parenting orders · Property settlement.

How East End Legal can help

  • Private intervention order applications.
  • Responding to police and private intervention orders.
  • Variation and revocation of existing orders.
  • Urgent family law applications where children are at risk.
  • Property settlements where family violence affected contributions.
  • A safe, confidential way to talk: tell us when and how to contact you.

This page is general information only, current as at October 2026, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your circumstances. Please contact East End Legal for advice about your situation.

Speak with Faros

Tell us the safest way and time to contact you. Confidential advice for people seeking protection and people responding to an order.

Email Faros Directly
(08) 7083 5858
Related reading
  • 1800RESPECT (1800 737 732)
  • Family violence and property settlements
  • Urgent protective injunctions
  • Parenting orders
  • Forms & useful links

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Criminal Law,East End Legal

East End Legal · Adelaide SA

Criminal Law

Experienced criminal defence representation from first instructions through to verdict, in the Magistrates Court, District Court, and Supreme Court of South Australia.

| Practice Areas / Criminal Law

Our Criminal Defence Practice

East End Legal provides experienced criminal defence representation across South Australia. We can advise you, prepare your matter, and appear in court as your advocate often without the additional cost of briefing a barrister.

We know early advice can significantly affect the outcome of your matter.

If you have been charged or are under police investigation, do not make any statement to police without first speaking to a lawyer.

You have the right to silence, use it!

We recommend you provide only your name and address, then request to speak with your lawyer.

Contact East End Legal immediately: 0417 897 472

Summary & Minor Offences

Summary offences are heard in the Magistrates Court and can still carry serious consequences including fines, licence disqualification, and imprisonment. We provide efficient, cost-effective representation for all summary matters.

  • Traffic offences, speeding, dangerous driving, driving under the influence
  • Drink and drug driving charges
  • Disqualified and unlicensed driving
  • Common assault and summary assault charges
  • Theft, shoplifting, and property damage
  • Trespass and public order offences
  • Firearms and weapons offences (minor)

Serious & Indictable Offences

Indictable offences are heard in the District Court or Supreme Court and carry the most serious consequences, including lengthy terms of imprisonment. We provide experienced strategy and legal advice when the stakes are highest.

  • Aggravated assault and serious assault occasioning harm
  • Blackmail
  • Threats to kill or harm
  • Money laundering
  • Sexual assault and rape allegations
  • Robbery and aggravated robbery
  • Drug trafficking, manufacture, importation and supply
  • Fraud, dishonesty, and white-collar offences
  • Home invasion and serious property offences
  • Manslaughter and culpable driving charges
  • Firearms offences and prohibited weapons

Bail Applications

Securing bail is often the most urgent priority following an arrest, but it comes with severe constraints. When it comes to bail, your first shot is critical.

We can make urgent bail applications on your behalf, presenting the strongest possible case for your release on appropriate conditions while we defend your position, and your matter proceeds.

Sentencing & Plea Matters

Sentencing stage can make a profound difference to the outcome.

We prepare thorough sentencing submissions, identifying mitigating factors, character references, and appropriate dispositions to present to the court.

  • Plea in mitigation and sentencing submissions
  • Securing non-custodial sentences where appropriate
  • Home detention and community service applications
  • Good behaviour bond and suspended sentence submissions
  • Criminal record expungement applications

Appeals

If you believe you have been wrongly convicted or that your sentence was excessive, you may have the right to appeal.

We advise on appeal prospects, prepare grounds of appeal at your instruction if there are reasonable prospects for success.

Charged? Call Now.

Criminal matters are time-sensitive. If you have been charged or are under investigation, contact Faros immediately for urgent, confidential advice.

0417 897 472
faros@eastendlegal.com.au
Courts we appear in
  • Supreme Court of SA
  • District Court of SA
  • Magistrates Court of SA
  • Youth Court of SA
  • Court of Appeal (SA)
  • SACAT,regulatory matters

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Family law and civil litigation - East End Legal

East End Legal - Resolving Conflict, Delivering Results.

Blog

Family law & Civil litigation - Insights, thoughts and updates.

| Blog

Family Law

Family Law

International Child Abduction and the Hague Convention: What SA Parents Need to Know

For separated parents, few situations are more frightening than discovering a child has been taken overseas by the other parent wi…

Read more →

Family Law

Habitual Residence, Wrongful Retention, and Hague Convention Defences Explained

The Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on 25 October 1980, and implemented in Aus…

Read more →

Family Law

A v A: Relocation Approach — How Courts Decide When a Parent Wants to Move

A v A: Relocation Approach [2008] FamCA 751

Read more →

Family Law

Relocation and Major Decisions: Parental Responsibility After the 2024 Reforms

Separated parents in Adelaide are often surprised to learn that “custody” is not a legal term used in Australian family law. Inste…

Read more →

Family Law

Re K: When Does Your Parenting Case Need an Independent Children's Lawyer?

Re K (1994) 17 FamLR 537

Read more →

Family Law

Varying Parenting Orders: Understanding the Rice v Asplund Threshold

A common question our clients at East End Legal ask is: “I already have final parenting orders – can I go back to court and change…

Read more →

Family Law

Goode v Goode: The Roadmap Courts Follow to Make Parenting Orders

Goode v Goode [2006] FamCA 1346

Read more →

Family Law

How Property Settlements Work in South Australia After the 2025 Reforms

Dividing property after a separation is one of the most significant financial events many people will go through. In South Austral…

Read more →

Family Law

Black v Black: Why the Formalities of a Financial Agreement Really Matter

Black v Black (2008) 216 FLR 422

Read more →

Family Law

MRR v GR: Why 'Equal Time' Has to Actually Be Realistic

MRR v GR (2010) 240 CLR 461

Read more →

Family Law

Spousal Maintenance in South Australia: Do You Have to Support Your Ex?

When a relationship ends, most people think first about parenting arrangements and dividing property. But for some separating coup…

Read more →

Family Law

Shinohara & Shinohara: 'Notional Property' and Wastage in Modern Property Settlements

Shinohara & Shinohara [2025] FedCFamC1A 126

Read more →

Family Law

Kennon v Kennon: When Family Violence Affects Your Property Settlement

Kennon and Kennon (1997) FLC 92-757; [1997] FamCA 27

Read more →

Family Law

Are You in a De Facto Relationship? What South Australian Law Says

Many South Australians who separate from a long-term partner are surprised to learn that the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) also appli…

Read more →

Family Law

Protecting Your Assets During Separation: Injunctions and Caveats in South Australia

When a relationship breaks down, one of the most urgent concerns for many of our clients is not the eventual property split, but w…

Read more →

Family Law

Discovery, Disclosure and Subpoenas: What Happens When the Other Party Won't Provide Information

A fair property settlement depends on both parties being honest about what they own, what they owe, and what has happened to money…

Read more →

Civil Litigation

Civil Litigation

Negligence Claims in South Australia: An Introduction to the Civil Liability Act 1936

Anyone bringing, or defending, a personal injury or property damage claim in South Australia will encounter the Civil Liability Ac…

Read more →

Civil Litigation

Property Damage and Negligence: What South Australian Landowners Should Know

Property damage caused by a neighbour's building or excavation work is one of the most common, and most stressful, disputes landow…

Read more →

Civil Litigation

Case Study: SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor [2011] SASCFC 165 — Excavation, Subsidence, and a Builder's Duty of Care

SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor [2011] SASCFC 165 is an important South Australian decision dealing with the liability of a builder or …

Read more →

Practice & Ethics

Practice & Ethics

What South Australian Solicitor Conduct Rules Mean for You as a Client

Rule 3.1 of the SALPCR provides that a solicitor's duty to the court and the administration of justice is paramount, and prevails …

Read more →

Practice & Ethics

Why Choosing a Qualified, Ethical Family Lawyer Matters in SA

Rule 4.1.3 of the SALPCR requires a solicitor to deliver legal services competently, diligently and as promptly as reasonably poss…

Read more →

East End Legal™ logo

Forms & Links

Downloadable forms and useful links for our clients.

| Forms & Links

Client Forms

Please complete the relevant online form below. If you have any questions, contact our office and we'll be happy to assist.

Completed new client download PDF form can also be emailed directly to admin@eastendlegal.com.au at your earliest availability.

Fill In Online

New Client Intake Form

Complete this form before your first appointment so we can open your file promptly.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

AML-CTF / KYC Onboarding Form

Required identification and verification information under Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing rules.

Start Form →

PDF Download · Fillable

Legal Aid Application Form

Fillable PDF application for a grant of legal aid (May 2023 version).

Download PDF ↓

Fill In Online · Secure

Victims of Crime Compensation – Form

Our client information form for victims of crime compensation matters — not a government form, but helps us prepare your application.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

Binding Financial Agreements & Consent Orders

Share your financial position and what you want the agreement to cover so we can prepare your instructions.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

Will and Last Testament

Give us your assets, executors and beneficiaries so we can prepare your will instructions for signing.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

Enduring Power of Attorney

Tell us who you want to appoint over your financial and property affairs so we can prepare your enduring power of attorney.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

Advance Care Directive

Tell us your wishes for future health and personal care so we can prepare your Advance Care Directive for signing.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

Trade Mark & IP Registration

Give us your trade mark and search details so we can advise on availability, classes and costs before filing.

Start Form →

Fill In Online

Company Registration

Tell us your company’s structure, officeholders and shareholders so we can prepare your ASIC registration.

Start Form →

Useful Links

  • FCFCOA – Subpoena Inspections Booking (Adelaide)

    Book an appointment to inspect documents produced under subpoena in a Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia matter in Adelaide.

  • Legal Aid SA – Apply for Legal Aid Online

    Submit an online application for a grant of legal aid through the Legal Services Commission of South Australia.

  • Courts SA – Courts Administration Authority of South Australia

    Court listings, registry information and general services for South Australia's courts.

  • Victims of Crime SA – Contact Us

    Contact Victims of Crime South Australia for information, advice and support if you have been affected by crime.

  • 1800RESPECT – Domestic and Family Violence Support

    If you are in immediate danger, call Police on 000. For free, confidential support 24 hours a day, call 1800RESPECT on 1800 737 732. Domestic and family violence includes physical, sexual, emotional, psychological and economic abuse, such as controlling money, isolating you from family or friends, monitoring you or harassing you online. You do not have to be physically hurt to seek help.

    In South Australia, the Intervention Orders (Prevention of Abuse) Act 2009 (SA) lets the Magistrates Court make orders to protect a person from abuse (s 5). An order can require the defendant to stay away from you or your home, stop contact, return property and surrender weapons (s 12). Police can issue interim orders (s 18), and an order continues until it is revoked (s 11). Breaching an order is a criminal offence carrying imprisonment (s 31), and police can arrest without a warrant on suspicion of a breach (s 36). Intervention orders can interact with Family Law Act orders (ss 10, 16), so get advice early. If this affects you, contact East End Legal and we will arrange a safe way to talk. This is general information, not legal advice.

East End Legal™ · ACN 681 304 209 · ABN 21 681 304 209
Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

East End Legal · Family Law

International Child Abduction and the Hague Convention: What SA Parents Need to Know

| Blog / Family Law

For separated parents, few situations are more frightening than discovering a child has been taken overseas by the other parent without consent, or is being kept in another country and not returned as agreed. Australia is a party to an international treaty designed specifically to deal with this problem: the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on 25 October 1980 (commonly known as the Hague Convention). At East End Legal, principal Faros Omidvour regularly advises South Australian parents on their rights and options when a child has been wrongfully removed from, or retained outside, Australia, or where an overseas parent seeks the return of a child from SA.

What is the Hague Convention and why does it matter?

The Hague Convention does not try to decide who should have custody of, or parent, a child. Instead, its purpose is narrower and more urgent: to secure the prompt return of a child who has been wrongfully removed to, or wrongfully retained in, another country that is a party to the Convention (a "contracting state"), so that the country of the child's habitual residence can deal with the substantive parenting dispute. The Convention also aims to ensure that rights of custody and access recognised under the law of one contracting state are respected in other contracting states.

The underlying philosophy is that decisions about a child's living arrangements should generally be made by the courts of the country the child was living in before the removal or retention occurred, rather than by whichever parent manages to get the child to another country first.

How the Convention operates in Australia

Australia gives effect to the Hague Convention through the Family Law (Child Abduction Convention) Regulations 1986 (Cth), made under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). These Regulations set out the domestic procedure for making and responding to applications for the return of a child, and largely mirror the structure of the Convention itself.

A parent (or other person or body) seeking the return of a child, or trying to secure access, works through Australia's Commonwealth Central Authority, situated within the Attorney-General's Department, which liaises with the Central Authority of the other contracting state involved. Once an application proceeds in Australia, it is determined by the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (FCFCOA), which has specialist judges and processes for dealing with Hague Convention matters as a priority, given how quickly circumstances can change for a child.

Wrongful removal and retention

A central concept under the Convention is "wrongful" removal or retention. Broadly, removal or retention is wrongful where it breaches rights of custody attributed to a person, institution, or other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the country in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention, and those rights were actually being exercised (or would have been exercised) at the time. In practical terms, this typically means one parent taking or keeping a child overseas without the consent of the other parent (or a court), where that other parent had rights of custody, including parenting orders or parental responsibility, in the country the child normally lived in.

Habitual residence

The child's "habitual residence" is the anchor point for the whole Convention, because it identifies which country's courts should ultimately decide the parenting dispute. It is a factual question rather than a fixed legal test, and courts look at matters such as how long the child has lived in a country, the stability and purpose of that residence, schooling, family and social connections, and the shared intentions of the parents. Habitual residence is assessed as at the time immediately before the alleged wrongful removal or retention.

Why early, specialist advice is critical

Hague Convention matters move quickly and have strict procedural requirements. Delay can affect the availability of defences and can make locating a child, and gathering evidence, considerably harder. Whether you are a parent whose child has been taken overseas, or a parent living overseas facing an application in Australia, obtaining experienced family law advice at the earliest opportunity is essential.

East End Legal, led by Faros Omidvour, assists South Australian families navigating the practical and legal complexities of international child abduction matters, working alongside the Commonwealth Central Authority process and, where necessary, representing clients in the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia.

Our companion article, "Habitual Residence, Wrongful Retention, and Hague Convention Defences Explained", looks in more detail at the defences available to a return application.

Disclaimer: This article is general information only, current as at the date of publication, and does not constitute legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. If you require advice about your own situation, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation with Faros Omidvour.

East End Legal · Family Law

Habitual Residence, Wrongful Retention, and Hague Convention Defences Explained

| Blog / Family Law

The Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, done at The Hague on 25 October 1980, and implemented in Australia through the Family Law (Child Abduction Convention) Regulations 1986 (Cth), is built around a strong presumption in favour of returning a wrongfully removed or retained child to their country of habitual residence. However, that presumption is not absolute. The Convention recognises a limited number of defences (sometimes called exceptions) that a court may consider when deciding whether to order a child's return. This article, prepared by East End Legal, explains the key concepts and defences in plain English.

Recap: habitual residence and wrongful removal or retention

As explained in our companion article on the Hague Convention, "habitual residence" refers to the country a child was factually settled in, considering matters such as duration of residence, family and social ties, schooling, and the parents' shared intentions, immediately before the removal or retention in question. "Wrongful" removal or retention occurs where it breaches rights of custody held under the law of the child's habitual residence, and those rights were being (or would have been) exercised at the relevant time. These two concepts must generally be established before a return order can be made, and before any defence becomes relevant.

The main defences to a return application

Applications for return of a child are heard in Australia by the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia. If wrongful removal or retention is established, the responding parent may seek to rely on one or more recognised defences, which broadly include the following.

1. Consent or acquiescence

A return may be refused where the applicant parent actually consented to the removal or retention, or later acquiesced in it (that is, accepted the new arrangement) after becoming aware of it. Consent and acquiescence are assessed carefully by reference to the parent's words and conduct, not assumed lightly.

2. Grave risk of harm or intolerable situation

A court may decline to order return where there is a grave risk that returning the child would expose them to physical or psychological harm, or otherwise place the child in an intolerable situation. This is a demanding threshold; it is not enough to show that a return would be unsettling or that the applicant parent has shortcomings. Courts are generally cautious about this defence, mindful that its purpose is not to allow a de facto re-litigation of parenting arrangements through the back door, and often consider whether protective conditions could be put in place to allow a safe return.

3. The child's own objection

Where a child has attained an age and degree of maturity at which it is appropriate to take account of their views, a court may decline to return the child if the child objects to being returned. The child's views are usually obtained through an independent process (such as a family consultant or similar professional), and the weight given to them depends on the child's age, maturity, and the reasons behind the objection.

4. Settlement in the new environment (the 12-month rule)

If more than twelve months have passed between the wrongful removal or retention and the commencement of proceedings, and it is demonstrated that the child is now settled in their new environment, the court retains a discretion not to order return even though the removal or retention was wrongful. This defence recognises that, after a significant period, a child's stability and connections in their new home may weigh against uprooting them again.

5. Human rights and fundamental freedoms

Return may also be refused where it would not be permitted by the fundamental principles of the requested country relating to the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. This defence is applied narrowly and is rarely the basis for refusing return in practice.

Defences are discretionary, not automatic

It is important to understand that establishing a defence does not automatically mean a child will not be returned. Even where a defence is made out, the court retains a discretion, and will typically still weigh the objects of the Convention (discouraging abduction and ensuring prompt resolution in the country of habitual residence) against the specific circumstances raised by the defence.

Getting the right advice, early

Because these matters proceed urgently, and because evidence about habitual residence, consent, risk, or a child's settlement needs to be properly and promptly prepared, parents on either side of a Hague Convention dispute benefit enormously from experienced representation from the outset. Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal assist parents across South Australia to understand their position, gather appropriate evidence, and represent their interests before the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia.

Disclaimer: This article is general information only, current as at the date of publication, and does not constitute legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. If you require advice about your own situation, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation with Faros Omidvour.

East End Legal · Family Law

A v A: Relocation Approach — How Courts Decide When a Parent Wants to Move

| Blog / Family Law

A v A: Relocation Approach [2008] FamCA 751

What the case decided

Relocation disputes — where one parent wants to move with a child, whether interstate or overseas, and the other parent objects — are among the most difficult parenting cases to run. A v A: Relocation Approach confirmed that there is no special or separate legal test for relocation cases. The court simply applies the same overarching test as any other parenting dispute: what arrangement is in the best interests of the child, taking into account the legitimate interests of both parents. Importantly, the case confirmed that a parent does not need to demonstrate "compelling reasons" either for or against a proposed move — that approach, sometimes argued in earlier cases, was rejected in favour of a straightforward best-interests analysis.

How this affects you

If you are hoping to relocate with your children — for work, family support, a new relationship, or simply a fresh start — you do not need to build an extraordinary case of "compelling" justification. But you do need to show the court, with real evidence, how the proposed arrangements will serve your child's best interests and how a meaningful relationship with the other parent can realistically be maintained.

If you are the parent being left behind, the same principle cuts both ways: the other parent doesn't get an automatic win just by asserting they have good personal reasons to move. The court will scrutinise the practical impact on your relationship with your child just as closely.

How East End Legal can help

Relocation cases turn heavily on the quality and practicality of the evidence presented — proposed schooling, contact arrangements, travel logistics, and the child's own views where age-appropriate. Faros Omidvour and East End Legal can help you build a compelling, realistic case whichever side of a relocation dispute you're on. Contact us to discuss your situation.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Relocation and Major Decisions: Parental Responsibility After the 2024 Reforms

| Blog / Family Law

Separated parents in Adelaide are often surprised to learn that “custody” is not a legal term used in Australian family law. Instead, the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) talks about parental responsibility – the duties, powers and responsibilities parents have in relation to their children – and, separately, about the time a child spends with each parent. Since the Family Law Amendment Act 2023 (Cth) came into effect on 6 May 2024, the framework for both parental responsibility and decision-making about major long-term issues has changed. This article, from the team at East End Legal, explains what those changes mean, and looks at how the courts approach the difficult question of a parent wanting to relocate with a child.

The end of the equal shared parental responsibility presumption

Previously, the Family Law Act contained a presumption that it was in a child's best interests for parents to have equal shared parental responsibility, unless there were reasonable grounds to believe a parent had engaged in child abuse or family violence. That presumption has been repealed. There is no longer a statutory starting point of equal shared parental responsibility. Instead, the court decides how parental responsibility should be allocated – whether to one parent alone, or shared between parents in relation to some or all decisions – by reference to what is in the best interests of the particular child, applying the section 60CC factors discussed in our companion article on the best interests test.

This is a significant shift. It means that arrangements for decision-making are assessed on the facts of each family, rather than starting from an assumption that parents must share every decision equally.

Decision-making about major long-term issues

Where parents share responsibility for major long-term issues – things like a child's schooling, name, religious or cultural upbringing, significant medical procedures, and (relevantly to this article) changes to where a child lives that would make it significantly harder for the child to spend time with the other parent – the Act sets out how that consultation is meant to occur. The current provisions are intended to make clearer what “major long-term issues” actually covers, and to reduce the scope for disputes about day-to-day matters (such as diet, hairstyles or extracurricular activities) which are not intended to require joint consultation. Where parents cannot agree on a major long-term issue, and it cannot be resolved through negotiation or family dispute resolution, the FCFCOA can be asked to determine the issue, always applying the best interests test.

Relocation: one of the hardest parenting disputes

Relocation cases – where one parent wishes to move, with the children, to a different city, state or country – are amongst the most difficult parenting matters that come before the courts, because a move can have a very real effect on a child's relationship with the other parent. There is no separate “relocation law” in the Family Law Act; instead, relocation disputes are decided by applying the same best interests framework in section 60CC, weighing matters such as the reasons for and against the move, whether the child could maintain a meaningful relationship with the other parent if the move proceeds, and the child's own views where appropriate.

The High Court's decision in Bondelmonte v Bondelmonte [2017] HCA 8 is a leading authority here. The Full Court had ordered two teenage boys, who had travelled to New York with their father, to return to Australia, despite the boys' wishes to remain overseas. The father argued the trial judge should have given more weight to the boys' wishes, and obtained further evidence of their views before deciding. The High Court unanimously dismissed the appeal, holding that the weight given to a child's expressed wishes is a matter for the trial judge, who is not obliged to further investigate a child's stated preference before deciding what serves that child's best interests. The case confirms a child's views are one important factor among several, not a determinative one.

Practical guidance for parents

  • If you are considering relocating with your children, seek advice before you move – unilateral relocation can create serious legal and practical difficulties.
  • If your former partner is proposing to relocate, act promptly to obtain advice about your options, including urgent applications where appropriate.
  • Keep records of your involvement in major long-term decisions and your day-to-day caregiving, as this evidence is often central to these disputes.
  • Family dispute resolution should be considered before litigation in most parenting matters, and may help parents reach workable arrangements without the cost and stress of court proceedings.

Every relocation and parental responsibility dispute turns on its own facts. Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal, at 38 Tucker St, Adelaide, regularly advise South Australian parents on parental responsibility, major decision-making and relocation disputes under the current law.

If you are facing a decision-making dispute or a proposed relocation, contact East End Legal to discuss your options.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about the law in South Australia as at the date of publication. It is not legal advice and should not be relied on as a substitute for advice tailored to your specific circumstances. For advice about your situation, contact East End Legal.

East End Legal · Family Law

Re K: When Does Your Parenting Case Need an Independent Children's Lawyer?

| Blog / Family Law

Re K (1994) 17 FamLR 537

What the case decided

Re K sets out the thirteen factors a court should weigh when deciding whether to appoint an Independent Children's Lawyer (ICL) in a parenting case. Relevant considerations include allegations of abuse or family violence, cases of intractable conflict between the parents, cultural or religious differences affecting the child's care, cases where a child's views need independent representation, and cases where one or both parents are unable to present their case adequately.

How this affects you

An ICL is a lawyer appointed by the court, independently of both parents, whose role is to represent the child's best interests directly to the court — not to act as "your" lawyer or your former partner's. If your matter involves serious allegations, entrenched conflict, or a child old enough to have views that need to be properly put before the court, an ICL may well be appointed (or it may be worth applying for one yourself).

Having an ICL in your matter changes how the case is run: the ICL can gather independent evidence (such as a family report), cross-examine witnesses, and make submissions that carry real weight with the judge, separate from anything either parent argues.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal can advise you on whether your matter is likely to warrant an ICL, help you make (or respond to) an application for one, and guide you through working constructively with an ICL once appointed, so your child's voice and your case are both properly heard. Get in touch to discuss your parenting matter.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Varying Parenting Orders: Understanding the Rice v Asplund Threshold

| Blog / Family Law

A common question our clients at East End Legal ask is: “I already have final parenting orders – can I go back to court and change them?” The answer is yes, but not simply because your circumstances have changed a little, or because you have had a change of heart. Courts place real weight on the finality of parenting orders, both for the sake of the parents and, most importantly, for the stability of the children involved. This principle has long been known as the rule in Rice v Asplund, and it has recently been given a statutory footing.

The rule in Rice v Asplund

The rule takes its name from the 1979 decision of the Family Court of Australia in Rice v Asplund (1979) FLC 90-725. In that case, the court held that where final parenting orders are already in place, an application to change those orders should not be allowed to proceed to a full hearing unless the applicant can first show that there has been a significant change in circumstances since the earlier orders were made. The rationale is straightforward: children need stability, and re-litigating parenting arrangements is stressful and costly for families. Allowing every disgruntled parent to reopen final orders whenever they liked would undermine both of those goals.

For over four decades, this principle operated as a rule developed by the courts, applied consistently across parenting matters, but not written into the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) itself.

Codification under the Family Law Amendment Act 2023

The Family Law Amendment Act 2023 (Cth), which commenced on 6 May 2024, introduced a new provision – commonly referred to as section 65DAAA – which places a version of the Rice v Asplund threshold into the legislation itself. Under this provision, before the court will reconsider final parenting orders, the party seeking the change generally needs to satisfy the court that there has been a significant change in circumstances since the final orders were made, and that it is in the best interests of the child for the court to reconsider the orders in light of that change. Codifying the principle in this way is intended to give parents, lawyers and the courts greater certainty and consistency in how the threshold is applied.

It is worth being clear about what this test does, and does not, do. It is a threshold or “gatekeeping” test – it decides whether the court will even consider varying the orders. It is not, by itself, the test for what new orders should be made. If the threshold is met, the court then goes on to determine what parenting orders best serve the child's best interests, applying the section 60CC factors, exactly as it would in a fresh application.

What counts as a “significant change in circumstances”?

There is no fixed checklist, because what is “significant” depends heavily on the facts of each family and the terms of the existing orders. Examples that have historically been treated as capable of meeting the threshold include a substantial change in a child's needs (for example, arising from age, health or schooling), a serious change in a parent's circumstances (such as relocation, a new relationship, or a change affecting their capacity to care for the child), or new information about risk to a child's safety, including family violence or abuse concerns that were not previously before the court. Minor friction, ordinary parenting disagreements, or a parent simply wishing they had negotiated a different outcome the first time around will generally not be enough.

Why this matters for South Australian families

If you have final parenting orders and something has genuinely changed – for instance, concerns about your child's safety, a proposed interstate move, or a significant shift in a child's needs – it is important to get advice early about whether your situation is likely to meet the significant change threshold before you file an application. Filing prematurely, or without properly addressing this threshold, can result in your application being dismissed at an early stage, with costs consequences.

Equally, if you are on the receiving end of an application to vary orders that you believe do not meet this threshold, there may be a proper basis to resist the application being allowed to proceed.

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal, based at 38 Tucker St, Adelaide, help clients across South Australia assess whether their circumstances meet the significant change threshold, and advise on the best way to protect existing parenting arrangements or seek appropriate variations.

If you are considering varying existing parenting orders, or need to respond to an application to vary orders affecting your children, contact East End Legal for advice.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about the law in South Australia as at the date of publication. It is not legal advice and should not be relied on as a substitute for advice tailored to your specific circumstances. For advice about your situation, contact East End Legal.

East End Legal · Family Law

Goode v Goode: The Roadmap Courts Follow to Make Parenting Orders

| Blog / Family Law

Goode v Goode [2006] FamCA 1346

What the case decided

Goode v Goode is a Full Court decision that laid out the statutory pathway a court must follow when making parenting orders under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) — effectively a structured checklist of the steps a judge works through, including how the (then-applicable) presumption of equal shared parental responsibility fit into that pathway.

How this affects you

While the parenting provisions of the Family Law Act have since been reformed (notably the repeal of the presumption of equal shared parental responsibility in the 2024 amendments), Goode v Goode remains valuable because it illustrates how methodically a court approaches a parenting decision — it does not simply weigh up impressions of each parent, but works through a defined legal sequence. Understanding that sequence helps you understand why particular evidence matters at particular stages of your case, and what the judge is actually required to consider before making an order.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and East End Legal apply the current statutory pathway (as reformed since Goode v Goode) to build your parenting case in the order and structure the court expects, so your evidence lands where it will have the most impact. Contact East End Legal to discuss your parenting proceedings.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

How Property Settlements Work in South Australia After the 2025 Reforms

| Blog / Family Law

Dividing property after a separation is one of the most significant financial events many people will go through. In South Australia, property settlements between married couples, and between de facto couples who meet the jurisdictional requirements, are governed by the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). On 10 June 2025, significant reforms made by the Family Law Amendment Act 2024 (Cth) commenced, changing how the courts approach these disputes. At East End Legal, principal Faros Omidvour helps Adelaide clients navigate property settlements under this updated framework.

The “four-step” approach is now in the Act itself

For decades, courts applying the Family Law Act to property matters have used a four-step approach developed through case law: identifying the property, liabilities and financial resources of the parties; assessing each party's contributions (financial, non-financial, and as homemaker or parent); assessing the parties' future needs and circumstances; and, finally, considering what division is just and equitable overall. The High Court confirmed in Stanford v Stanford [2012] HCA 52 that the court must first be satisfied that it is just and equitable to make a property order at all, rather than assuming an adjustment is automatically appropriate simply because a relationship has ended.

The Family Law Amendment Act 2024 (Cth) has now written this structured approach into the Act itself, in section 79 for married couples and the equivalent section 90SM for de facto couples. This does not change the substance of how property matters are generally approached, but gives the framework a clearer statutory basis, intended to improve consistency and transparency.

Family violence and its economic effect

One of the more significant reforms responds to the well-known decision in Kennon v Kennon (1997) FLC 92-757, in which the Full Court of the Family Court recognised that, in some cases, a history of family violence during a relationship can have a discernible impact on a party's contributions – for example, by making those contributions significantly more arduous than they otherwise would have been. This “Kennon principle” had developed through case law but had not previously been set out expressly in the Act.

Following the 2024 reforms, the Act now expressly requires the court, when assessing the parties' current and future circumstances, to consider the economic effect of any family violence to which a party has been subjected or exposed during the relationship. This gives victim-survivors of family violence a clearer statutory basis to have that history properly taken into account in a property settlement, rather than relying solely on case law principles.

“Wastage” replaces the old add-back approach

Previously, where one party had spent, wasted or dissipated relationship assets – for example, through reckless gambling, or spending on an affair – courts sometimes dealt with this by “adding back” notional value to the property pool to account for what had been lost. This add-back approach was often criticised as inconsistent and difficult to apply. The 2024 reforms replace it with an express statutory concept of “wastage,” requiring the court to consider whether either party has intentionally or recklessly diminished the value of the property pool, and to take that conduct into account when working out an appropriate division. This gives the court clearer statutory guidance for dealing with wastage, rather than relying on the previous, less certain common law practice.

Companion animals: a new approach to pets

For the first time, the Family Law Act expressly addresses what happens to pets – referred to in the Act as “companion animals” – on separation. Under the reforms, the court cannot make an order for the joint ownership or shared possession of a companion animal between former partners. Instead, the court must decide the matter one way or another, considering factors that include the circumstances in which the animal was acquired, who has cared for the animal, any history of family violence or of actual or threatened cruelty towards the animal, and the level of attachment each person (and any children of the relationship) has to the animal.

Financial disclosure duties are now in the Act

Full and frank financial disclosure has always been fundamental in family law property matters, but it was previously found mainly in the Family Law Rules rather than the Act itself. The 2024 reforms elevate this duty into the Act, underlining its importance and making clear that a failure to disclose properly can have serious consequences for a party's case.

What this means for you

If you are separating and need to resolve property matters, it is more important than ever to properly document your financial position, understand how family violence in your relationship may be relevant, and ensure any disposals of property are properly accounted for. Every property settlement depends on the specific facts of the relationship and the assets involved.

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal, at 38 Tucker St, Adelaide, help clients throughout South Australia understand how the 2025 reforms apply to their property settlement and work towards a fair and legally sound outcome.

If you need advice about a property settlement, contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about the law in South Australia as at the date of publication. It is not legal advice and should not be relied on as a substitute for advice tailored to your specific circumstances. For advice about your situation, contact East End Legal.

East End Legal · Family Law

Black v Black: Why the Formalities of a Financial Agreement Really Matter

| Blog / Family Law

Black v Black (2008) 216 FLR 422

What the case decided

Black v Black illustrates just how strictly the formal requirements for financial agreements are applied. In this case, the agreement was set aside because it did not contain the statement required by the Family Law Act confirming that each party had received independent legal advice about the agreement's effect and its advantages and disadvantages. A seemingly technical, paperwork-level omission was enough to invalidate the entire agreement.

How this affects you

If you have an existing financial agreement — whether entered into before, during, or after a relationship — this case is a warning that it is only as good as its compliance with the strict formal requirements of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). A missing certificate, an incomplete statement about legal advice, or another procedural defect can mean the agreement you thought protected you is unenforceable when you actually need to rely on it.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and East End Legal can review an existing financial agreement to check it meets the required formalities, or prepare a new agreement correctly from the outset so it will withstand scrutiny if it is ever challenged. Contact East End Legal to have your financial agreement reviewed.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

MRR v GR: Why 'Equal Time' Has to Actually Be Realistic

| Blog / Family Law

MRR v GR (2010) 240 CLR 461

What the case decided

MRR v GR is a High Court decision that clarified how the (then) equal time and substantial and significant time provisions of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) operate — historically found in section 65DAA. The High Court emphasised that these questions require a practical, reality-based analysis, not a theoretical one: the court must genuinely assess whether an arrangement — particularly in a relocation scenario — would allow the child to maintain a meaningful relationship with both parents in practice, given the parents' actual circumstances (distance, work, finances, logistics), not just in principle.

How this affects you

This principle remains highly relevant even though the specific presumption in the old section 65DAA has since been repealed. Courts are not interested in an arrangement that looks fair on paper but is unworkable in real life — for example, an equal-time arrangement that would require a young child to travel hours between two cities every few days. If you are negotiating parenting arrangements, especially where one parent is considering a move, the practical workability of the plan is just as important as the principle behind it.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and East End Legal can help you assess whether a proposed parenting arrangement is realistically workable — and help you make that case to the court, or to the other parent in negotiations, using the practical, evidence-based approach the courts expect. Contact us to talk through your parenting arrangements.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Spousal Maintenance in South Australia: Do You Have to Support Your Ex?

| Blog / Family Law

When a relationship ends, most people think first about parenting arrangements and dividing property. But for some separating couples, there is a further question: does one party need to financially support the other, at least for a period, after separation? This is called spousal maintenance, and it is a distinct concept from both property settlement and child support. This article from East End Legal explains the basic principles under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth).

The basic obligation

Section 72 of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) provides that a party to a marriage is liable to maintain the other party, to the extent that they are reasonably able to do so, if – and only if – the other party is unable to support themselves adequately. The Act recognises a number of circumstances in which a person may be unable to adequately support themselves, including because they have care of a child of the relationship who is under 18, because of their age or physical or mental capacity to gain appropriate employment, or for any other adequate reason.

Equivalent provisions apply to de facto relationships that meet the jurisdictional requirements under the Act. The key point is that spousal maintenance is not automatic. It depends on two things being established: first, that the party seeking maintenance genuinely cannot adequately support themselves, and second, that the other party has the financial capacity to help.

The factors the court considers

Section 75(2) of the Family Law Act sets out a broad list of matters the court must take into account in deciding spousal maintenance applications (and, relevantly since the recent reforms, also feeding into property settlement considerations). These matters include, among others: the age and health of each party; each party's income, property and financial resources, and their capacity for appropriate employment; whether either party has the care of a child of the relationship under 18; each party's financial and other responsibilities, including to support any other person; and the duration of the marriage or relationship and the extent to which it has affected the earning capacity of the party seeking maintenance. Following the 2024 reforms, the Act now also directs the court to consider the economic effect of any family violence a party has been subjected to or exposed to, reflecting the same recognition given to family violence in property settlements.

Because this list is broad and fact-specific, spousal maintenance outcomes vary considerably between cases. A short relationship with two financially independent parties will usually not give rise to any maintenance obligation. A long relationship where one party sacrificed their career to raise children, and now has significantly reduced earning capacity, is a very different scenario.

Common scenarios where maintenance arises

  • One party has been out of the workforce for an extended period raising children and needs time and support to re-establish their earning capacity.
  • One party has a health condition or disability that limits their ability to work.
  • One party is completing retraining or study to improve their employment prospects following separation.
  • There is a significant disparity in income and financial resources between the parties, and the financially stronger party has capacity to assist.

How maintenance can be paid

Spousal maintenance can be agreed between the parties, ordered by the court as periodic payments (for example, a set amount each week or month), ordered as a lump sum, or dealt with as part of an overall property settlement. It can also be sought urgently, in some circumstances, where a party needs immediate financial support pending a final resolution of their matter.

A time-limited concept

Spousal maintenance is generally intended to help a party transition to financial independence, rather than to provide indefinite support. The duration and amount will depend heavily on the circumstances – including how long it is reasonably expected to take the receiving party to become self-supporting, taking into account matters such as age, health, workforce experience and caring responsibilities.

Whether you may be entitled to seek spousal maintenance, or whether you may be liable to pay it, depends entirely on your individual circumstances and the section 75(2) factors as they apply to your relationship. Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal, at 38 Tucker St, Adelaide, advise South Australian clients on spousal maintenance claims, whether as part of a broader property settlement or as a standalone application.

If you have questions about spousal maintenance, contact East End Legal to discuss your situation.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information about the law in South Australia as at the date of publication. It is not legal advice and should not be relied on as a substitute for advice tailored to your specific circumstances. For advice about your situation, contact East End Legal.

East End Legal · Family Law

Shinohara & Shinohara: 'Notional Property' and Wastage in Modern Property Settlements

| Blog / Family Law

Shinohara & Shinohara [2025] FedCFamC1A 126

What the case decided

Shinohara & Shinohara is recent Full Court authority confirming that "notional property" — assets that no longer actually exist at the time of settlement — cannot simply be added back into the property pool on the balance sheet as if they were still there. Instead, the case clarifies that where assets have been dissipated, the proper mechanism is to consider this as wastage under the current section 79(5)(d) of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), introduced as part of the 2025 property reforms, rather than through the older, informal practice of "adding back" notional property.

How this affects you

This matters a great deal if you believe your former partner has spent, gambled, gifted away, or otherwise dissipated assets that should have formed part of the property pool. Under the current law, you cannot simply insist those funds be notionally added back to the balance sheet as if untouched — instead, the wastage framework under section 79(5)(d) is the correct avenue, and it requires its own evidence about how and why the asset was lost, and whether that conduct was intentional or reckless.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and East End Legal stay current with how the courts are applying the 2025 property reforms, including cases like Shinohara & Shinohara, so that a wastage argument is framed correctly under the current law rather than relying on outdated approaches that a court will no longer accept. Contact East End Legal if you believe assets have been dissipated in your matter.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Protecting Your Assets During Separation: Injunctions and Caveats in South Australia

| Blog / Family Law

When a relationship breaks down, one of the most urgent concerns for many of our clients is not the eventual property split, but what happens between now and then. If you are worried that your former partner may sell, transfer, mortgage, hide or otherwise deal with an asset before a property settlement is finalised, South Australian and federal law give you real tools to intervene — but they need to be used quickly and correctly.

Injunctions under section 114 of the Family Law Act

Section 114 of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) is the primary source of the court's power to make protective orders during a family law dispute. It is broader than most people expect. The court can grant an injunction for the personal protection of a party, restrain a party from entering the matrimonial home or a specified area, restrain a party from entering the other party's workplace, and — most relevantly for asset protection — grant an injunction "in relation to the property of a party" and in relation to the use or occupancy of the matrimonial home. The same protections extend to de facto couples under the de facto financial causes provisions of the Act, covering the property of the parties to a de facto relationship and the use or occupancy of a specified residence.

In practice, this means the court can restrain a party from selling, transferring, mortgaging, encumbering, gifting or otherwise dealing with a specific asset — a house, a business, a vehicle, funds in a bank account — while property proceedings are on foot. Where there is real urgency (for example, a settlement date on a property sale is imminent, or funds are about to be transferred overseas), an application can be brought urgently, sometimes without notice to the other party in the first instance, so that the asset is frozen before it disappears. Breaching an injunction made under section 114 is a serious matter and can expose the other party to contempt of court proceedings.

Caveats: protecting an interest in South Australian land

A caveat is a different tool again, and is specific to real property. Under the Real Property Act 1886 (SA), a caveat is a notice lodged on the title of land that prevents the registered owner from dealing with that land — selling it, mortgaging it, or otherwise registering a dealing — while the caveat remains in place. Importantly, a caveat can only be lodged where the caveator has a genuine caveatable interest that attaches to the land itself. Simply being married to, or in a de facto relationship with, the registered owner is not enough on its own. What is usually required is an equitable interest in the property — for example, where you have made financial contributions (such as mortgage repayments, a deposit, or funding renovations) or significant non-financial contributions towards a property that is registered solely in your former partner's name.

South Australian caveats come in two forms: an absolute caveat, which prevents any further dealings from being registered at all, and a permissive caveat, which allows further dealings to proceed provided they are made subject to the caveator's claimed interest, sometimes with the caveator's written consent. If the registered owner objects to a caveat, the Registrar-General will give notice of an intention to remove it, and the caveator then has a limited window — commonly around 21 days — to apply to the Supreme Court of South Australia to extend the caveat and have the underlying dispute determined. Lodging a caveat without a genuine interest carries real risk: a caveator who lodges a caveat unnecessarily, or without reasonable cause, can be ordered to pay compensation to the owner for any loss caused.

Why the two tools are often used together

Caveats and section 114 injunctions serve different purposes and it is common for both to be used in the same matter. A caveat is a relatively quick, low-cost way to prevent a specific parcel of land from being sold or refinanced, but it only protects real property. It says nothing about a business, shares, superannuation, vehicles, or money sitting in a bank account. For those assets, a section 114 injunction (or, in more serious cases involving an imminent risk that assets will be dissipated or moved beyond the court's reach, a freezing-style order) is usually the appropriate mechanism. A well-prepared asset protection strategy often uses a caveat to secure the family home immediately, while a broader injunction application deals with everything else.

Acting quickly matters

These remedies are only effective if they are sought before the asset is dealt with. If you suspect your former partner is planning to sell, transfer, refinance or otherwise put an asset out of reach, please contact East End Legal without delay. Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal regularly advise separating South Australians on urgent applications to protect the property pool, including lodging caveats over real property, seeking section 114 injunctions, and — where assets have already started to move — using the discovery and subpoena process to trace where they have gone (see our companion article on disclosure, discovery and subpoenas).

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If you need advice about protecting assets, disclosure obligations or subpoenas in a South Australian family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Discovery, Disclosure and Subpoenas: What Happens When the Other Party Won't Provide Information

Key case: Weir and Weir [1992] FamCA 69

| Blog / Family Law

A fair property settlement depends on both parties being honest about what they own, what they owe, and what has happened to money and assets during the relationship. Australian family law imposes a strict, ongoing duty of disclosure on every party — and where a party won't comply voluntarily, there are formal tools, including discovery and subpoenas, to compel the truth out into the open.

The duty of disclosure

Under the Family Law Rules 2021 (Cth), every party to a financial case has a duty of full and frank disclosure of their financial circumstances — this includes income, property, liabilities, superannuation, interests in companies or trusts, and any dealings with property that may affect the case. The duty begins at the pre-action stage, before proceedings are even filed, and continues throughout the case: if circumstances change materially, a party must update their disclosure, generally within a short period after the change. Parties are typically required to file a formal undertaking acknowledging the duty and confirming that a breach may be treated as a contempt of court. In parenting matters, disclosure obligations also apply to relevant documents such as criminal records, intervention order material, medical records and school reports. The leading authority on what happens when a party fails to comply remains Weir and Weir [1992] FamCA 69, in which the Full Court held that, where there is clear evidence of deliberate non-disclosure, the court should not be unduly cautious about drawing inferences and making findings in favour of the innocent party when dividing the property pool.

Since the Family Law Amendment Act 2024 (Cth) reforms commenced on 10 June 2025, this duty is no longer just a matter of court rules — it has been written directly into the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) itself, at section 71B for married couples and the equivalent provision, section 90RI, for de facto couples. Elevating the duty into the Act strengthens the court's ability to enforce it: a court can now take a party's non-disclosure into account when adjusting property interests, make costs orders (including requiring security for costs), impose case-management sanctions for breaching orders under section 112AD, treat serious non-compliance as contempt under section 112AP, and, in appropriate cases, stay or dismiss all or part of a party's case until proper disclosure is given. Where a property settlement was reached, or consent orders were made, based on incomplete or false disclosure, that outcome may later be challenged and set aside.

Discovery: obtaining the other party's documents

Beyond the general disclosure obligation, the discovery process allows a party to formally require the production of specific categories of documents relevant to the issues in dispute — bank statements, loan documents, business records, valuations and the like. Discovery is not unlimited: requests must be directed at documents genuinely relevant to the matters in issue, and the court can restrict or refuse discovery that is oppressive, disproportionate, or a fishing expedition.

Subpoenas: going to a third party for the truth

Sometimes the documents you need are not in the other party's control at all — they are held by a bank, an employer, an accountant, a superannuation fund, or a government agency such as Land Services SA. This is where a subpoena becomes important. A subpoena is a court-issued order directed at a named person or organisation requiring them to produce documents, to attend court to give evidence, or both. Before seeking a subpoena, a party is generally expected to have made reasonable attempts to obtain the material informally.

There are limits on the process. For interlocutory stages of a case, a party can generally issue a modest number of production subpoenas (commonly up to five) without needing the court's permission; for final hearings or appeals, the leave of a judge or registrar is required, and additional requirements apply if the hearing is imminent or a party is unrepresented. A person served with a subpoena is not without protection — they can file a Notice of Objection to Subpoena, seeking to have it set aside in whole or in part on grounds such as irrelevance, privilege (for example, legal professional privilege), or that the request is oppressive or too broad. Once documents are produced to the court, the requesting party must file a Notice of Request to Inspect before they can view or copy them, and special protections apply to sensitive categories such as medical, criminal and police records — the holder of medical records, for example, is generally given a short window to object before inspection is allowed.

Putting it together: tracing hidden or moved assets

Discovery and subpoenas are often the practical first step in an asset-protection strategy. If you suspect your former partner has moved money, undervalued a business, or failed to disclose an asset, a targeted subpoena to a bank, employer, accountant or Land Services SA can reveal what has actually happened — evidence that can then support a caveat over land or a section 114 injunction to freeze what remains (see our companion article, "Protecting Your Assets During Separation"). Non-disclosure is not just an inconvenience; under the current law it can directly affect how the court divides the property pool.

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal act for both applicants seeking full and honest disclosure, and respondents who need to understand and comply with their own obligations. If you believe the other party is not being upfront about their finances, or you have been served with a subpoena and are unsure how to respond, contact East End Legal for prompt, practical advice.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If you need advice about protecting assets, disclosure obligations or subpoenas in a South Australian family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Kennon v Kennon: When Family Violence Affects Your Property Settlement

| Blog / Family Law

Kennon and Kennon (1997) FLC 92-757; [1997] FamCA 27

What the case decided

Kennon v Kennon was the first Full Court decision to recognise that a history of domestic violence during a relationship can be directly relevant to how contributions are assessed in a property settlement. Where violent conduct is shown to have made a party's contributions to the relationship — whether financial or as a homemaker and parent — significantly more arduous than they otherwise would have been, the court can adjust that party's entitlement upward to reflect it. This principle is now expressly reflected in the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), including through provisions such as section 79(4)(ca), following the 2025 family violence reforms.

How this affects you

If family violence during your relationship made it harder for you to work, study, parent, or otherwise contribute the way you otherwise would have, this may be directly relevant to your property settlement — not just as background context, but as a factor that can genuinely shift the percentage division in your favour. The key is always evidence: a clear, documented connection between the violence and its impact on your contributions, ideally supported by medical, psychological or other independent evidence. For a broader look at how the 2025 reforms changed property settlements generally, see our companion article, "How Property Settlements Work in South Australia After the 2025 Reforms."

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and East End Legal have experience identifying and evidencing Kennon-style arguments where they genuinely apply, so that a history of family violence is properly reflected in your outcome. Contact East End Legal for a confidential discussion.

This article is general information only, current as at the date of writing, and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your individual circumstances. If this case raises questions about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

East End Legal · Family Law

Are You in a De Facto Relationship? What South Australian Law Says

Key case: Jonah and White (2011) 45 Fam LR 460; [2011] FamCA 221

| Blog / Family Law

Many South Australians who separate from a long-term partner are surprised to learn that the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) — the same Commonwealth legislation that governs divorce and property settlements for married couples — also applies to de facto couples. Whether you are entitled to bring a claim for property settlement or spousal maintenance often turns on a single threshold question: were you actually in a "de facto relationship" as the law defines it? Here is what the legislation, and the case law that applies it, says.

The legal definition — section 4AA

Section 4AA of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) defines a de facto relationship. In broad terms, two people are in a de facto relationship if they are not legally married to each other, are not related by family, and, having regard to all the circumstances of their relationship, have a relationship as a couple living together on a genuine domestic basis. This definition applies equally to opposite-sex and same-sex couples — same-sex de facto relationships have been recognised under Part VIIIAB of the Act since 2009.

Importantly, s4AA does not require a couple to have lived under the same roof at all times, nor does it require any single "tick box" factor to be satisfied. Instead, the Act sets out a non-exhaustive list of matters a court may consider in deciding whether a genuine domestic relationship exists. The leading authority applying this test is Jonah and White (2011) 45 Fam LR 460; [2011] FamCA 221, in which a 17-year, financially significant connection between the parties was nonetheless found not to be a de facto relationship — the Court held it remained, in substance, a secret affair rather than a relationship in which the parties had genuinely merged their lives as a couple.

Factors the court considers

Under s4AA, the court may have regard to circumstances including:

  • The duration of the relationship.
  • The nature and extent of the couple's common residence.
  • Whether a sexual relationship exists.
  • The degree of financial dependence or interdependence, and any arrangements for financial support between the parties.
  • The ownership, use and acquisition of property.
  • The degree of mutual commitment to a shared life.
  • Whether the relationship has been registered under a state or territory law (in South Australia, under the Relationships Register Act 2016 (SA)).
  • The care and support of children.
  • The reputation and public aspects of the relationship.

No single factor is decisive, and a relationship can be found to exist even where some of these factors are absent — for example, a couple who keep largely separate finances but otherwise live together, present publicly as a couple, and share responsibility for children may still be found to be in a de facto relationship.

Why duration matters — the two-year question

Duration is listed as a factor in deciding whether a de facto relationship exists at all, but it also plays a separate and important role: under s90SB of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), a party generally cannot apply to the court for a property settlement or spousal maintenance order unless the de facto relationship lasted at least two years (or the combined length of on-and-off periods together totals two years or more).

There are, however, recognised exceptions to this two-year threshold. A party may still be able to bring a claim where there is a child of the relationship; or the applicant made substantial contributions (financial, non-financial, or as a homemaker or parent) and would suffer serious injustice if an order were not made; or the relationship was registered under a state or territory relationship register, such as South Australia's Relationships Register Act 2016 (SA). Because these exceptions involve real legal and evidentiary complexity, it is worth obtaining advice early — particularly if your relationship was shorter than two years but involved a shared child, significant contributions, or joint property.

Why this matters

Getting the de facto question right matters because it determines whether the Family Law Act's property and maintenance regime applies to you at all. Misjudging your position — assuming you do or do not qualify — can mean missing a valid claim, or pursuing one you are not entitled to bring. If you are unsure whether your relationship meets the legal definition, or whether the two-year threshold or an exception applies to you, East End Legal can assess your circumstances and advise you on your options.

This article provides general information about the law in South Australia and the Commonwealth as at the date of publication. It is not legal advice and does not take into account your individual circumstances. Please contact East End Legal for advice specific to your situation.

East End Legal · Civil Litigation

Negligence Claims in South Australia: An Introduction to the Civil Liability Act 1936

| Blog / Civil Litigation

Anyone bringing, or defending, a personal injury or property damage claim in South Australia will encounter the Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA). Despite its date, this is the modern statute that governs how negligence claims are assessed in this State, and it sits alongside, rather than replaces, the common law principles of negligence developed by the courts. East End Legal, led by Faros Omidvour, regularly advises clients on civil liability issues arising from accidents, building and construction disputes, and other negligence-related claims in South Australia.

A statute with a long history

The Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) began life under a different name: the Wrongs Act 1936, which was originally assented to in 1936 and dealt broadly with civil wrongs. Over subsequent decades it was amended many times. The most significant changes came in the early 2000s, when Australia-wide concerns about the cost and availability of public liability and professional indemnity insurance led every state and territory to reform its negligence law. In South Australia, the Wrongs (Liability and Damages for Personal Injury) Amendment Act 2002 introduced significant changes to the assessment of damages, and the Law Reform (Ipp Recommendations) Act 2004 (responding to the national review of the law of negligence commonly known as the Ipp Review) substantially restructured the Act, inserting much of the framework that now governs negligence claims. The result is a statute that carries its original 1936 title but whose current civil liability provisions are, in substance, a product of that early-2000s reform era, much like equivalent civil liability legislation in other Australian states and territories.

What the Act covers

The Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) sets out rules that apply once a claim in negligence is otherwise established, and also affects how such claims are proven. At its core, a negligence claim still requires a plaintiff to establish the traditional elements: that the defendant owed them a duty of care, that the defendant breached that duty by falling below the required standard of care, that the breach caused the harm complained of, and that the plaintiff has suffered damage as a result. The Act does not remove these requirements; rather, it shapes and, in places, codifies how several of them are assessed.

Key areas addressed by the Act include:

  • The standard of care expected of a defendant, generally that of a reasonable person in the defendant's position, and the factors relevant to assessing breach of duty, such as the probability and likely seriousness of harm, the burden of taking precautions, and the social utility of the conduct in question.
  • Causation, including the requirement that the breach of duty be a necessary condition of the harm (factual causation) and that it is appropriate for the scope of liability to extend to the harm so caused.
  • Contributory negligence, which can reduce a plaintiff's damages where they failed to take reasonable care for their own safety.
  • The assessment of damages in personal injury matters, including, in some circumstances, thresholds or limits on damages for non-economic loss and other heads of damage.

Not just personal injury: property damage too

While the Act is often associated with personal injury claims (for example, following an accident), the underlying negligence principles it addresses are equally relevant to property damage claims. A common example is a builder or excavator whose work on one property causes damage to a neighbouring property, such as through subsidence, water ingress, or structural movement. In these cases, the same core questions arise: did the builder owe a duty of care to the neighbouring landowner, did their conduct fall below a reasonable standard, and did that conduct cause the damage suffered? Our article "Property Damage and Negligence: What South Australian Landowners Should Know" explores this in more detail, including reference to an important South Australian case on point.

Why this matters for you

Whether you have been injured in an accident, or your property has been damaged by the negligent actions of a neighbour, contractor, or builder, understanding how the Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) interacts with common law negligence principles is essential to properly assessing a claim, including time limits, evidentiary requirements, and the damages that may be recoverable.

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal can assist South Australians assess and pursue (or defend) negligence claims, whether arising from personal injury or property damage, and explain clearly how the Act applies to your circumstances.

Disclaimer: This article is general information only, current as at the date of publication, and does not constitute legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. If you require advice about your own situation, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation with Faros Omidvour.

East End Legal · Civil Litigation

Property Damage and Negligence: What South Australian Landowners Should Know

| Blog / Civil Litigation

Property damage caused by a neighbour's building or excavation work is one of the most common, and most stressful, disputes landowners face. Cracked walls, subsidence, or a retaining wall failure can be expensive to fix and difficult to resolve without legal input. This article, prepared by East End Legal, explains how negligence law and the Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) apply to these disputes, and what South Australian landowners and builders should keep in mind.

The basic negligence framework

As outlined in our introductory article on the Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), a negligence claim requires a plaintiff to prove a duty of care, breach of that duty, causation, and damage. These elements apply just as much to property damage claims as to personal injury claims. In the context of building and excavation work, courts have long recognised that a builder or developer carrying out work near a boundary owes a duty of care to the owner of the neighbouring land, given the foreseeable risk that careless excavation or construction can damage adjoining property.

Excavation, subsidence, and the right of support

Property damage disputes involving excavation frequently raise two related but distinct legal concepts: negligence, and the tort of private nuisance based on interference with the natural right of support that land enjoys from adjoining land. Landowners are generally entitled to have their land supported in its natural state by neighbouring land; where excavation on adjoining land withdraws that support and causes subsidence, this may found a claim in nuisance, separate from (and in addition to) any claim in negligence based on how the excavation work was carried out.

These principles were considered by the South Australian Full Court in SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor [2011] SASCFC 165, a case arising from excavation work that caused subsidence to a neighbouring property. We examine this case in detail in our dedicated case study, "Case Study: SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor [2011] SASCFC 165 — Excavation, Subsidence, and a Builder's Duty of Care", but the key takeaway for landowners and builders is this: a builder who departs from professional engineering advice when carrying out excavation work risks being found liable in negligence for resulting damage, and may also face liability in nuisance for the withdrawal of support to neighbouring land, potentially for the full extent of the damage if they cannot show how much of it was attributable to something else, such as the weight of structures on the affected land.

Practical implications for builders and developers

Builders, excavators, and developers carrying out work near a boundary should ensure that any engineering advice obtained in relation to retaining structures, shoring, or excavation methodology is properly followed, and that any departure from that advice is carefully considered and documented. Failing to follow professional advice, or substituting an alternative approach without appropriate justification, increases the risk of liability if damage results.

It is also important to properly document site conditions before and during excavation works, particularly where damage or an escape of soil occurs, since a failure to allow proper inspection can, in some circumstances, support an inference of negligence against the party responsible for the works.

Practical implications for affected neighbours

If you are a homeowner or landowner who has experienced subsidence, cracking, or other damage following building or excavation work on a neighbouring property, it is important to document the damage as early as possible, including photographs, engineering reports, and a timeline of events, and to seek legal advice promptly. Time limits apply to negligence and nuisance claims, and the earlier evidence is gathered, the stronger any claim is likely to be.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal advise both landowners and builders in South Australia on property damage disputes arising from negligence and nuisance, including claims involving excavation, subsidence, and building defects. We can help you understand your rights and obligations, assess the strength of a claim or defence, and pursue an appropriate resolution, whether through negotiation or litigation.

Disclaimer: This article is general information only, current as at the date of publication, and does not constitute legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. If you require advice about your own situation, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation with Faros Omidvour.

East End Legal · Civil Litigation

Case Study: SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor [2011] SASCFC 165 — Excavation, Subsidence, and a Builder's Duty of Care

| Blog / Civil Litigation

SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor [2011] SASCFC 165 is an important South Australian decision dealing with the liability of a builder or excavator for damage caused to a neighbouring property. Decided by the Full Court of the Supreme Court of South Australia, the case remains a useful illustration of how the law of negligence, the tort of private nuisance, and the evidentiary doctrine of res ipsa loquitur can combine in property damage disputes involving excavation. This article, prepared by East End Legal, summarises the key facts, legal issues, and principles established, and explains their ongoing relevance to South Australian builders, homeowners, and neighbouring landowners.

Background and facts

The dispute arose from excavation work carried out by a builder on land adjoining a property owned by the plaintiffs, Mr and Mrs Bijok. The excavation work caused subsidence to the plaintiffs' land. A central factual issue in the case was that the builder's workers covered up the area where soil had escaped before it could be properly inspected, meaning the precise mechanism by which the subsidence occurred could not be established with certainty from direct evidence.

The legal issues

The Full Court's decision addressed three related, but distinct, areas of law arising from these facts.

1. Negligence

The Court considered the duty owed by a builder carrying out excavation works to the owner of neighbouring land, and whether that duty had been breached. It was held that the builder was liable in negligence because it had departed from a design prepared by an engineer for a retaining structure, and instead used an alternative design which the engineer had specifically advised was unsuitable. That departure from professional engineering advice, and the use of an inadequate design in its place, was found to have caused the subsidence damage suffered by the plaintiffs.

2. Private nuisance and the right of support

The Court also considered the tort of private nuisance, applying the established principle that land is entitled, in its natural state, to support from adjoining land, and that excavation which withdraws that support and causes subsidence may constitute an actionable nuisance. Importantly, the Court addressed the position where subsidence would have occurred in any event, regardless of the weight of any structures on the affected land: in that scenario, the onus falls on the party responsible for the excavation to prove the extent to which the damage was increased by the weight of those structures. If the excavator cannot discharge that onus, they will be liable for the full amount of the damage, not merely the portion attributable to the excavation alone. This is a significant and practically important allocation of the burden of proof in nuisance claims of this kind.

3. Res ipsa loquitur

Because the builder's own workers had covered up the site of the soil escape before it could be inspected, the precise mechanism of how the subsidence occurred could not be directly established. The Court held that, in these circumstances, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur ("the thing speaks for itself") could properly be applied, allowing an inference of negligence and causation to be drawn from the surrounding circumstances, notwithstanding the absence of direct evidence of exactly how the damage occurred. This aspect of the decision highlights the evidentiary consequences that can flow from a party's failure to preserve evidence, or to allow proper inspection, following an incident causing damage.

Why this case matters today

SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor remains a useful reference point for builders, developers, homeowners, and neighbouring landowners in South Australia dealing with excavation and subsidence issues, for several reasons:

  • It confirms that departing from qualified engineering advice on retaining structures or excavation methodology can found liability in negligence if damage to neighbouring land results.
  • It confirms and applies the common law right of support for land in its natural state, and shows how private nuisance can operate as an alternative, or additional, cause of action to negligence in excavation and subsidence disputes.
  • It illustrates a burden-of-proof rule that is highly favourable to affected landowners: where subsidence would have occurred regardless of any structures on the land, the excavator carries the onus of proving how much of the damage is attributable to those structures, and bears full liability if that onus is not discharged.
  • It shows that failing to preserve evidence or allow inspection after work causes apparent damage can expose a builder to an adverse inference of negligence through res ipsa loquitur.

The case also illustrates, in a practical setting, the type of negligence principles addressed more generally by the Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), even though SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor is a common law tort decision concerning duty, breach, and causation, rather than a case decided under the Act itself.

Practical guidance

Builders and excavators should ensure any engineering advice on retaining structures and excavation methods is followed, that any departure is properly justified and documented, and that, where an incident causing possible damage occurs, the site is preserved and made available for inspection rather than remediated or covered over. Homeowners and neighbouring landowners who notice cracking, subsidence, or other damage following nearby excavation works should document the damage promptly, seek an independent engineering assessment where possible, and obtain legal advice early, as delay can affect the evidence available and the time limits that apply to a claim.

How East End Legal can help

Faros Omidvour and the team at East End Legal advise both landowners and builders across South Australia on negligence and nuisance claims arising from excavation, subsidence, and building-related property damage, drawing on established authorities such as SJ Weir Ltd v Bijok & Anor to assess the strength of a claim or defence.

Disclaimer: This article is general information only, current as at the date of publication, and does not constitute legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. If you require advice about your own situation, please contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation with Faros Omidvour.

East End Legal · Practice & Ethics

What South Australian Solicitor Conduct Rules Mean for You as a Client

| Blog / Practice & Ethics

The Paramount Duty to the Court

Rule 3.1 of the SALPCR provides that a solicitor's duty to the court and the administration of justice is paramount, and prevails over any other duty — including the duty to a client. This can sound counterintuitive, but it exists for good reason. A lawyer whose word carries weight with judges and registrars, because they will not let a client's wishes override their obligations to the justice system, is more persuasive on your behalf — and that credibility protects the integrity of the process your matter depends on.

Honesty and Candour Toward the Court

Rules 19.1 and 19.2 require a solicitor never to deceive or knowingly or recklessly mislead a court, and to promptly correct the record if a statement later turns out to have been misleading. For a family law client, this duty of candour matters enormously — cases involving parenting arrangements or property settlements often turn on documents, financial disclosure and sworn evidence. Knowing that your solicitor is bound to deal honestly with the court gives you confidence that your matter is being run properly, and it protects you from the far greater risks — costs orders, adverse credibility findings, or worse — that come from cutting corners.

Avoiding Conflicts of Interest

Rules 11.1 and 12.1 require a solicitor to avoid acting where there is a conflict between the duties owed to two current clients, or between the solicitor's own interests and the client's best interests. In family law, conflict checks are not a formality — they are essential. A solicitor cannot properly advise you if they, or their firm, owe competing loyalties to your former partner, a related party, or anyone else with a stake in the outcome. Before East End Legal takes on a new matter, we check for exactly these kinds of conflicts, so that the advice you receive is directed solely at your interests.

Confidentiality

Rule 9.1 prohibits a solicitor from disclosing information that is confidential to a client, subject to narrow exceptions (such as where disclosure is required by law or the client consents). Family law matters routinely involve sensitive financial, health and personal information about you, your children and your family. This rule means that what you tell your lawyer stays protected, and it underpins the open, honest conversations that are needed to properly advise you and prepare your case.

Competent and Diligent Service

Rule 4.1.3 requires a solicitor to deliver legal services competently, diligently and as promptly as reasonably possible. Delay, disorganisation or a failure to properly prepare a matter are among the most common sources of client complaints to the Legal Profession Conduct Commissioner (LPCC) — the independent SA regulator that investigates conduct complaints against practitioners. This rule exists to hold solicitors to a standard where your matter is actively and properly managed, not left to drift.

What This Means When You Work With East End Legal

Faros Omidvour and East End Legal treat these duties as the foundation of how we practise, not a compliance checklist. In practical terms, that means:

  • Clear, honest advice about the strengths and weaknesses of your matter — even when it is not what you want to hear.
  • Careful conflict checking before we accept any new matter.
  • Confidential handling of your personal and financial information at every stage.
  • Diligent, well-organised case management, so your matter progresses without unnecessary delay.
  • Integrity in every dealing with the court, so that your case is presented credibly and professionally.

If you have a family law matter and want a lawyer who takes these professional obligations seriously, contact East End Legal on 38 Tucker St, Adelaide SA 5000 to arrange a consultation with Faros Omidvour.

This article is general information only about the professional conduct obligations of South Australian solicitors. It is not legal advice and does not take into account your individual circumstances. If you have a complaint or concern about a lawyer's conduct, you can contact the Legal Profession Conduct Commissioner (SA). For advice about your own family law matter, please contact East End Legal directly.

East End Legal · Practice & Ethics

Why Choosing a Qualified, Ethical Family Lawyer Matters in SA

| Blog / Practice & Ethics

Competence Is a Legal Obligation, Not Just a Marketing Claim

Rule 4.1.3 of the SALPCR requires a solicitor to deliver legal services competently, diligently and as promptly as reasonably possible. In family law, competence means more than knowing the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) — it means understanding the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia's procedures, keeping up with legislative reform (such as the significant property law changes that commenced on 10 June 2025), and applying that knowledge practically to your specific parenting or property dispute. A lawyer who is not actively maintaining and applying this competence is failing a basic professional obligation, and unreasonable delay is consistently one of the most common categories of complaint made to the LPCC.

Integrity Toward the Court Protects You Too

Rule 3.1 establishes the paramount duty to the court and the administration of justice, and rules 19.1 and 19.2 prohibit misleading the court and require correction of any misleading statement. Some clients assume a more aggressive or less scrupulous lawyer will get them a better outcome. In practice, the opposite is usually true. Judges and registrars remember which practitioners deal with the court honestly and which do not — and a solicitor's credibility directly affects how persuasive their submissions are on your behalf. Choosing a lawyer who upholds these duties is not a compromise on your interests; it is what protects your credibility and your case.

Conflict-Free Advice

Rules 11.1 and 12.1 require a solicitor to avoid conflicts between clients, and between their own interests and yours. Family law disputes often involve extended family, business partners, or associated companies. A properly conducted conflict check before a retainer is accepted is a sign that a firm takes these obligations seriously, and it ensures the advice you receive is not compromised by competing loyalties.

Confidentiality You Can Rely On

Rule 9.1 protects the confidentiality of information you share with your solicitor. In family law matters, this often includes sensitive details about finances, mental health, family violence, or your children's circumstances. Knowing this information is protected by an enforceable professional rule — not just a courtesy — should be part of what gives you confidence to be fully open with your lawyer, which in turn allows them to advise and represent you properly.

What to Look for When Choosing a Family Lawyer

When selecting a family lawyer in South Australia, consider asking about, or looking for evidence of:

  • A track record of diligent, well-managed matters and clear, timely communication.
  • Transparent costs disclosure and a written costs agreement.
  • A proper conflict check before your matter is accepted.
  • A reputation for straightforward, honest advice — even when it is not the answer you were hoping for.
  • Genuine, current knowledge of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) and recent reforms affecting property and parenting matters.

East End Legal's Commitment

Faros Omidvour founded East End Legal on the principle that ethical, diligent representation is not in tension with strong advocacy — it is the foundation of it. Based at 38 Tucker St, Adelaide, East End Legal upholds the SALPCR's standards of competence, honesty and confidentiality in every family law matter we handle, so our clients can focus on their family's future while trusting that their legal matter is in capable, principled hands.

If you are searching for a family lawyer in Adelaide who takes these professional standards seriously, contact East End Legal to arrange a consultation.

This article is general information only and does not constitute legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. For advice tailored to your situation, please contact East End Legal directly.

The Firm

About East End Legal

Our Philosophy

East End Legal Pty Ltd was founded on the conviction that quality legal advice should not be the exclusive domain of large firms with large fees. Every client, whether an individual facing a criminal charge, a family navigating separation, or a business owner dealing with a commercial dispute, deserves senior-level attention and frank, practical counsel.

We are a boutique practice, and we are deliberately so. Keeping the firm focused means every matter receives the direct involvement of Faros Omidvour, not a junior solicitor or paralegal. You will always know who is working on your file and be able to reach them directly.

How We Work

Before any work begins, we provide a written cost estimate or fixed-fee quote. We believe informed clients make better decisions, so we explain your legal position, your options, and the likely costs of each path forward in plain English, without jargon.

We respond to all calls and emails on the same business day. We provide written updates at every significant milestone. And if the facts of your matter change, we tell you immediately, including what that means for costs and strategy.

  • Free initial 30-minute consultation
  • Fixed fees or written cost estimates before commencement
  • Same business day response guarantee
  • Direct access to Faros Omidvour on every file

Qualifications & Admissions

Faros Omidvour is admitted to practise as both a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of South Australia, meaning that clients receive integrated legal and advocacy services, often without the additional cost of briefing separate counsel.

  • Admitted: Supreme Court of South Australia
  • Member: Law Society of South Australia, Gold Alliance Firm.
  • Member: Family Law Section, Law Council of Australia
  • Appears: Supreme Court · District Court · Magistrates Court
  • Appears: Federal Circuit & Family Court of Australia

Office & Appointments

East End Legal Pty Ltd is based in the East End precinct of Adelaide CBD, one of Adelaide's most distinctive and accessible business addresses. Consultations are available in person, by phone, or via video call.

After-hours appointments are available by arrangement for clients who are unable to attend during business hours.

  • East End, Adelaide SA 5000
  • Monday – Friday: 9:00am – 5:00pm
  • After-hours by appointment
  • faros@eastendlegal.com.au
  • +61 417 897 472

East End Legal · Adelaide SA

Property & Conveyancing

Whether you are buying, selling, leasing or building, experienced property law advice across all of South Australia.

| Practice Areas / Property & Conveyancing

"Our property lawyers have extensive experience advising across a range of legal matters, whether you are selling, buying, leasing or building."

Our Property Practice

East End Legal advises individuals and businesses on all aspects of property and conveyancing law in South Australia. Whether you are a first home buyer, an investor, or a developer, we provide practical advice tailored to your transaction and circumstances.

Property transactions are often the largest financial commitments people make. We ensure the legal process is thorough, timely and properly protects your interests.

What We Handle

  • Residential and commercial conveyancing
  • Contract review and negotiation
  • Off-the-plan purchases
  • Property settlements and disputes
  • Leasing, commercial and residential
  • Building and construction disputes
  • Strata and community title matters
  • Compulsory acquisition advice

Why East End Legal

Faros Omidvour's combined experience as solicitor and barrister means that if a property dispute escalates to litigation, you already have an experienced advocate on your side, without the need to brief separate counsel.

Speak with Faros

Book a consultation on your property matter. We provide clear advice and a written fee estimate before any work begins.

Email Faros Directly
0417 897 472
Also in this area
  • Residential conveyancing
  • Commercial property transactions
  • Property settlements & disputes
  • Leasing, commercial & residential
  • Building & construction disputes

East End Legal · Adelaide SA

Wills & Estates

Making a will is one of the kindest things you can do for your loved ones. Plan for the future, simply and with confidence.

| Practice Areas / Wills & Estates

Our Wills & Estates Practice

East End Legal provides experienced wills and estates guidance across South Australia. We can advise you, prepare your documents, and represent you in estate matters, often without the additional cost of briefing a barrister.

We know early planning can significantly affect the outcome for you and your loved ones.

If you have recently lost a loved one or are planning for the future, do not make any significant decisions about an estate without first speaking to a lawyer.

Your rights and obligations in estate matters are complex, get proper advice.

We recommend you gather all relevant documents, then request to speak with your lawyer.

Contact East End Legal immediately: 0417 897 472

Estate Planning & Will Preparation

Wills are the foundation of effective estate planning. Without a valid will, your assets may not pass to the people you intend, and your family could face unnecessary stress and delay. We provide clear, cost-effective advice for all estate planning needs.

  • Will preparation and drafting, simple and complex wills
  • Testamentary trusts, protecting assets and providing for beneficiaries
  • Enduring powers of attorney, appointing someone to manage your financial affairs
  • Advance care directives, health and lifestyle decision-making documents
  • Superannuation and life insurance, binding death benefit nominations
  • Asset protection strategies, business succession and estate planning
  • Review and updating existing wills, following marriage, divorce, or changes in circumstances
  • Testamentary capacity assessments, ensuring your will is legally valid

Estate Administration & Probate

When a loved one passes away, administering their estate can be overwhelming. We guide executors and administrators through the legal process, ensuring obligations are met and assets are distributed correctly.

  • Probate applications, applying for a grant of probate in the Supreme Court
  • Letters of administration, when there is no valid will
  • Executor and trustee guidance, step-by-step support through administration
  • Estate asset collection and distribution, including real property, shares, and bank accounts
  • Estate accounting, preparing accounts for beneficiaries
  • Notification to beneficiaries and creditors
  • Finalisation of tax and liabilities, working with the ATO and other agencies

Contested Estates & Family Provision Claims

Disputes over wills and estates can be emotionally and financially draining. We provide experienced strategy and legal advice when the stakes are highest.

  • Family provision claims, challenging a will for adequate provision
  • Testamentary capacity challenges, disputing a will on grounds of incapacity
  • Undue influence and fraud claims, challenging the validity of a will
  • Informal wills and intestacy disputes
  • Executor and trustee removal applications
  • Beneficiary disputes and mediation
  • Proceedings in the Supreme Court of South Australia
  • Estate litigation and alternative dispute resolution

Enduring Powers of Attorney & Guardianship

Planning for the possibility of losing mental capacity is essential. We help you appoint trusted decision-makers for your financial, medical, and personal matters.

  • Enduring power of attorney (financial),appointment and registration
  • Advance care directives (medical),making your wishes clear
  • Guardianship applications, when someone loses capacity without planning
  • Review and revocation of appointments
  • Capacity assessments and legal support
  • Disputes over attorney conduct and decision-making

Superannuation & Death Benefits

Superannuation does not automatically form part of your will and requires specific planning to ensure your wishes are fulfilled.

  • Binding death benefit nominations, lapsing and non-lapsing nominations
  • Non-binding nominations, guidance and review
  • Superannuation trustee disputes
  • Death benefit distribution advice
  • Dependant claims and tax considerations

Business Succession & Estate Planning

If you own a business, succession planning is critical to protect your legacy and the future of your enterprise.

  • Business succession agreements, buy-sell agreements and continuity planning
  • Business asset protection, structuring for estate purposes
  • Partnership and company succession
  • Key person insurance and estate liquidity
  • Transfer of business interests to family members

Why Choose Us

We understand that estate matters are deeply personal. Whether you are planning for your future or navigating the loss of a loved one, our team provides compassionate, practical legal advice tailored to your circumstances.

  • Clear fixed fees, no hidden costs, transparent pricing
  • Straightforward advice, we explain the law in plain English
  • Personalised service, we take the time to understand your needs
  • South Australian expertise, local knowledge and experience

Planning your estate or dealing with the administration of a loved one's affairs can be complex and emotional.

Don't navigate it alone. Contact East End Legal today for experienced wills and estates advice.

0417 897 472

East End Legal,Wills, Estates & Succession Planning in South Australia

Plan for the future today

Speak with Faros about your Will, estate planning or estate dispute. Clear advice, no jargon.

Email Faros Directly
0417 897 472
Also in this area
  • Simple & complex Wills
  • Powers of Attorney
  • Advance Care Directives
  • Estate administration & probate
  • Contested Wills & family provision

East End Legal · Adelaide SA

Civil Litigation

When disputes cannot be resolved by negotiation, you need experienced litigators in your corner, in every South Australian court and tribunal.

| Practice Areas / Civil Litigation

"Effective litigation is not just about knowing the law, it is about knowing when to fight, when to negotiate, and how to protect your position at every stage."

Our Civil Litigation Practice

East End Legal is led by Faros Omidvour, a practising barrister and solicitor with significant experience appearing across South Australian courts and tribunals. We represent individuals and businesses in a broad range of civil disputes, from contract disagreements and debt recovery to injunctions and complex multi-party litigation.

Our approach is strategic and outcome-focused. We assess the merits of your claim honestly, advise on the most efficient path to resolution, and represent you with determination when the matter goes to hearing.

What We Handle

  • Contract disputes and breach of contract claims
  • Debt recovery and enforcement
  • Injunctions and urgent relief
  • Property and boundary disputes
  • Consumer and Australian Consumer Law claims
  • Defamation matters
  • Misleading and deceptive conduct claims
  • SACAT and tribunal representation

Barrister & Solicitor, One Team

Because Faros holds both barrister and solicitor qualifications, East End Legal can provide seamless representation from initial advice through to trial, without the added cost and delay of briefing separate counsel.

Get litigators on your side

Speak with Faros about your dispute. Early advice can save significant time and cost.

Email Faros Directly
0417 897 472
Also in this area
  • Contract & debt disputes
  • Injunctions & urgent relief
  • Property & boundary disputes
  • Consumer law claims
  • SACAT & tribunal representation